434 : NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Amsterdam and Aiken to the first branch of the creek, where the 
Trenton limestones are again exposed and may be traced to the 
forks of the creek. The higher part of the city of Amsterdam is 
mainly composed of clay, and no rock is exposed higher than go 
feet above the river except along Chuctanunda creek and its 
branches. 
North Chuctanunda creek, as it is called on the Amsterdam 
topographic sheet, has its head waters in Perth and Galway town- 
ships and after pursuing a southwesterly course empties into the 
Mohawk river just west of the present Amsterdam railroad station. 
From Hagaman’s mills to its mouth the stream flows over a large 
number of low escarpments formed by the unequal erosion of the 
limestones which compose its bed, and almost every one of these 
waterfalls has been utilized for water power. Thus for a distance 
of several miles the water of the little stream is handed from one 
mill to another. Near the Sanford carpet mill the main creek 
receives a branch from the north. This branch rises by several 
head branches in the township of Perth and pursues an almost 
due south course. The most eastern of these head branches receives 
the water of the Amsterdam city supply system from the Amster- 
dam reservoir pipe line (the reservoir itself being in Galway) at 
a point near the Fulton-Montgomery county line, and the city 
water thus flows together with the water of the creek into the 
secondary reservoir just southwest of Rockton. Both branches of 
the Chuctanunda are of considerable geologic interest. 
Near the mouth of the Chuctanunda just below the depot the 
upper layers of the Calciferous sandrock are exposed as follows 
(45C): 
C* Shaly, fucoidal, thin bedded layers weathering ash- 
white. This rock is in general composed of a matrix 
of rather pure limestone, with fucoid-like fillings com- 
posed of arenaceous material which gives the weathered 
surface a mottled or reticulated appearance. I eat 
C? Grayish blue mottled fossiliferous layer to some 
extent resembling the compact mottled layers sometimes 
seen in the Trenton limestone but more arenaceous. 
Specimens of Ophileta are fairly abundant. [oe 
C* Massive, arenaceous irregularly jointed fucoidal 
limestone weathering light gray. 11==15" 
