62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Jan. 19, 



portion of the beds immediately underlying is exposed and accessible. 

 Thus exposed, the sandstone No. 5 shows, on the beach, a stump 

 1 foot in height and 1 foot in diameter, having its surface-markings 

 destroyed by the sea, but retaining two distinctly marked Stigmaria 

 roots, one of them bifurcating at the distance of 2 feet from the 

 stump. In the cliff are seen, in the same bed, Calamites, rooted and 

 erect, a plant-stem, somewhat inclined, but apparently having roots 

 attached, and a large vertical tree, 2 feet in diameter at base, and 

 fluted irregularly, but without leaf-scars. This tree springs from the 

 coal No. 6, and extends to the top of No. 5, but the Calamites and 

 stems of some unknown plant are rooted at a higher level, and there 

 are Stigmaria roots, apparently in situ, at three distinct levels in the 

 sandstone. One of these levels corresponds to the broken tops of the 

 Calamite stems, another to their base, and the third apparently to 

 the roots of the first stump seen on the beach. These appearances 

 are shown in the following section, which represents these fossils as 

 seen from the shore above mentioned, which follows the strike of the 

 beds. 



Section of part of the South Joggins Strata. 





x- 



^^mmm^m^^^^^^^SSy 



4, 5, 6, 7, beds referred to in the foregoing list of strata. 



a, Calamites. c, Stigmaria roots. 



A, stem of plant, undetermined. d, Sigillaria trunk, 9 feet high. 



In tracing this bed a little beyond the large tree represented in the 

 section, see fig., we found on the beach another fossil tree, 22 inches in 

 diameter, which had fallen from the bed No. 5, and had no doubt occu- 

 pied a position similar to that of the large tree still standing. It was 

 a cyhndrical cast in sandstone, having on the surface flutings like those 

 of Sigillaria, but without leaf-scars. In the lower part of the cast, the 

 sandstone contained a large quantity of vegetable fragments, as above 

 mentioned (p. 59), principally pieces of carbonized wood, leaves of 

 Nceggerathia or Poacitesi, and stems of Calamites. With these 

 vegetable remains we found the bones, jaws, teeth, &c. before alluded 

 to, all distinctly within the lower part of the cast, and scattered 

 among the vegetable fragments contained in it, as if either washed in 

 in separate pieces, or, more probably, mixed with the woody matter, 

 when the animal fell to pieces through decay. A part of the vege- 

 table matter present must have been introduced after the tree became 

 hollow. The creature to which the bones belonged may, therefore, 



