72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 2, 



beds inclined 60-70° to the west, with a north and south strike 

 (nearly), composed of red shales thick bedded, with bands of gypsum ; 

 then a bed of sandstone about 20 feet thick, full of cylindrical forms 

 not unhke the stems of the larger Algae ; then blue shales abounding 

 with Astarte, Turritella, and many other forms not yet identi- 

 fied : I also detected some fossil bones in this bed. Following this 

 watercourse towards the Chota Gumber river (and towards Subathoo), 

 thick beds of the same shales are met with, red and blue, separated by 

 bands of impure limestone, containing the same species of fossils, and 

 occasionally fossil bones well-preserved, but very difficult to extricate, 

 owing to the hardness of the rock. It was in these limestones that 

 I first detected Saurian bones in 1847. These, and all the beds in 

 the valley of the Gumber river, are in great confusion, following no 

 general arrangement, often perpendicular, or even inclined to the west 

 — overthrown in fact. 



Nos. 8, 9, 1 0, & 11 of Section. — Crossing the Chota Gumber river 

 at the base of the Subathoo range we find variegated shales. No. 8, 

 in all respects similar to those of No. 5, and without fossils. Con- 

 tinuing the ascent towards Subathoo we soon come upon soft crum- 

 bling blue shales, containing Astarte and Turritella in abundance, the 

 beds dipping to the south-east. Higher up the hill the first nummu- 

 litic bed crops out, and is about 80 feet in thickness. Still ascending, 

 the same bluish shales are repeated, with Astarte, &c., having a thick- 

 ness of about 600 feet ; and here a second bed of nummulitic rock is 

 found, about 50 feet in thickness. These nummulitic beds are usually 

 of a soft yellowish rock, passing into blue or bluish-grey in the more 

 solid parts. The Nuramulites abound, but there are also other fossils 

 accompanying them, of which I was unable to obtain a perfect speci- 

 men. Above this bed the blue shales with Astarte, &c., are again 

 found, and containing also fossil bones. These beds, alternating 

 with the red shales and bands of limestone, continue up to the 

 Military Station of Subathoo ; hence to the top of the hill above 

 Subathoo, and about 800 feet higher, thick beds of red shales occur, 

 with alternating beds of a hard blue-tinged siliceous sandstone, — all 

 dipping at about 30° to the S.E. The red shales contain fossil bones, 

 the sandstones nothing ; the latter, from their hardness and solidity, 

 resist the disintegration which so rapidly affects the shales, and 

 stand out in strong relief from the south-western escarpment of this 

 range of hills. From the heights near Kussowlee I was able to trace 

 these siliceous sandstone bands as far to the southward as Nahn, up- 

 wards of seventy miles, accompanied by the same red shales ; and 

 though it was not in my power to visit the whole of this line to the 

 southward, I can vpith safety state that the formation is in all respects 

 the same, and identical with that of Subathoo. I followed the 

 nummulitic beds for about thirty miles trending nearly north and 

 south, and holding the same character. Beds of limestone are found 

 amongst the blue shales, which, in fact, pass gradually into them, 

 and the fossils in both are alike. The blue shale on which the 

 Quarter-guard of Subathoo stands contains fossil bones in abundance ; 

 but the bones are ill-preserved, and it is most difficult to obtain any 



