200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



in the autumn, rice. The fields are arranged along the terraces on 

 the strike of the strata, by which means full advantage is taken of 

 all rain that falls ; the water which escapes from the upper terraces 

 being caught in some of the lower ones. The northern side of the 

 range presents a gentle slope, and is covered vsdth a thick retentive 

 clay-soil, being, as before stated, richly wooded. Pines, oaks, &c., 

 grow on the south side, but are not nearly so abundant as on the 

 northern aspect. 



" The sandstone strata, forming the range, appear to me to be an 

 upper member of the same tertiary sandstones, &c., as occur between 

 Rotas and the Indus. The former differ from the latter, however, 

 in being remarkably compact, forming an excellent building material. 

 On descending into the valley, which separates the Murree Range 

 from another range to the north knovrn as Mooshpoora, and in 

 which the small river Hurroo runs, the sandstone becomes more and 

 more calcareous, passing into a schistose limestone, full of Nummu- 

 lites, with a few fragments of shells, among which I have detected a 

 small Pecten, apparently similar to one I have got from the 

 Nummulite-limestone of the Salt Range. This schistose limestone 

 gradually passes into a very compact, foetid, black limestone, which 

 seems to form the Mooshpoora Range. It contains no flints ; and 

 no fossils, except a few Nummulites, have yet been detected in it. Its 

 mineral character is very diflPerent from the Nummulite-limestone 

 of the Salt Range. I am in great hopes of getting some fossils from 

 it, but the rounded, weathered surface of the rock, the absence of 

 anything hke quarries or deep ravines exposing good natural sections, 

 and the generally thick covering of soil, are great obstacles in the way 

 of meeting the information I wish to obtain. As far as I can judge 

 from a distance, it seems to form the top of a hill, which, seen from 

 this spot, is said to be 10,000 feet high*." 



On the Geology of the Bahamas, and on Coral-formations 

 generally. By Capt. R. J. Nelson, R.E. Communicated by 

 Sir C. Lyell, V.P.G.S. 



[Read June 2, 1852.] 

 [Abstract.] 



Contents. 



1. Introduction. 



2. Geographical, topographical, and hydrographical notices. 



3. Coral-reefs, coarse coralliferous limestone, and calcareous sand-rock. 



4. Lithological notices. — Ordinary rock, chalk-deposit, and red earth. 



5. Increase and decrease of land. 



6. The Flora and Fauna as contributing agents. 



7. Elevation and depression of the land. 



8. Ripple-mark and its protection. 



9. Conclusion : and Errata for the Bermuda Memoir. 



1. Introduction. — This memoir contains a detailed account of an 

 extensive series of observations made by the author during a residence 



* Owing to an accident to my instruments, I have been unable to complete my 

 barometric observations. 



