1853.] 



TRIMMER ON THE GRAVELS OF KENT. 



295 



Tabular view of the Pleistocene Deposits of Norfolk, the Valley of 

 the Thames, and the South-eastern Coast, from the period of the 

 Mammalian Crag to the disappearance of the Elephantine and 

 other extinct Pachyderms. 



THAMES AND ITS 

 TRIBUTARIES. 



SOUTH-EASTERN COAST. 



Marshes of theYare, an estuary 

 in Saxon times (Taylor). 

 Marshes of the Wash. 



Modern or Alluvial Period. 



Marshes of Plumstead, Dart- 

 ford, Gravesend, and else- 

 where in Kent and Essex. 



Lewes and Pevensey Levels, 

 formed antecedently to the 

 Roman Invasion (Mantell). 

 Bonesof Man,Deer,Cetacea. 



Warp-drift (Trimmer, 1846). 

 Thin and thick beds of loam 

 with angular flints, heaps of 

 chalk rubble, heaps of an- 

 gular flints. 



Period of the Warp-drift. 



Upper brick-earth of Brentford, 

 without fossils (W. K. Trim- 

 mer, 1813). Upper brick- 

 earth of Ilford, Erith, Ro- 

 chester (Morris, Trimmer). 



Elephant bed (Mantell). Head 

 (Austen). Angular flint- 

 drift (Murchison). Cretace- 

 ous and subcretaceous drift 

 (Martin). Sangatte drift 

 (Prestwich). Thin and thick 

 beds of loam with angular 

 flints, heaps of chalk rubble, 

 heaps of angular flints. 



Second Terrestrial or Second Elephantine Period. 



Nar clay, ^Marine (Rose). 

 Gaytonthorpe, — Freshwater 

 (Trimmer). 



Ancient wide-spread alluvia of 

 the Thames and its tributa- 

 ries. Remains of Elephants, 

 Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, 

 Carnivora ; land and fresh- 

 water SheOs ; pebbles of 

 Lickey quartz-rock and of 

 granite (W. K. Trimmer, 

 Morris, Trimmer). 



Ancient beach beneath ele- 

 phant bed at Brighton. Ma- 

 rine shells ; remains of Ele- 

 phant ; pebbles, and rounded 

 blocks of granite, porphyry, 

 slate, and palaeozoic lime- 

 stone (ManteU, Murchison). 



Valley deposits at various 

 heights : materials of erratic 

 tertiaries re-arranged. 



Period of Re-elevation. 



Gravel of Rochester, fragments 

 of chert, eocene pebbles, 

 rounded boulders of ferrugi- 

 nous sandstone. The chert 

 indicates transport outwards 

 from the chalk escarpment. 



Gravel of Hyde Park. Dartford 

 gravel. Pebbles of Lickey 

 quartz-rock, granite, and 

 flinty slate. 



Subangularflint gravel of Hants 

 and Dorset at low and inter 

 mediate levels. 



"Upper erratic tertiaries, sand 

 and gravel, with erratic blocks 

 and pebbles. The small de- 

 tritus roUed ; only the large 

 blocks scratched. 



Lower erratic tertiaries, till, or 

 boulder clay ; first appearance 

 of northern erratic pebbles 

 and boulders ; small detritus 

 scratched. 



Marine bed, Runton. 



Period of Subsidence. 



Shooter's Hill gravel, rolled I Subangular flint gravel of 



and subangular flints ; no Hants and Dorset at high 



organic remains. | levels. 



First 



Freshwater beds, Runton and 

 Mundesley. Pine forest of 

 Cromer and Mundesley, 

 rooted on the mammalian 

 crag of Cromer. This crag is 

 perhaps somewhat more re- 

 cent than that of Bramerton, 

 which contains remains of 

 the Mastodon. 



First Elephantine Period. 



Eocene tertiaries and chalk of these two districts 

 not submerged till late in the period of the 

 upper erratics. The fracture and denuda- 

 tion of the chalk and tertiaries in progress 

 during the period of submergence and re- 

 elevation, and completed before the period 

 of the warp -drift. 



* Marine shells are not so abundant in either upper or lower erratics in Norfolk, as in Lanca- 

 shire, Cheshire, and North and South Wales. 



