1853.] SUTHERLAND — ARCTIC REGIONS. 299 



traced from one cliff to another in conformable and horizontal lines 

 over many miles. At Cape Alexander (Sketch No. 8), the eastern 

 boundary of the entrance of Sir Thomas Smith's Sound, in lat. 78° 15', 

 we again find the strata somewhat curved ; but about seven miles 

 farther north (a few miles south of Cape Hatherton), they are so 

 regularly and horizontally piled one on another, that from their pecu- 

 liar appearance they have received the name of the Crystal Palace 

 Cliffs (see Sketch No. 8). A small island (Sketch No. 8, a), lying 

 in front of a glacier two miles southward of Cape Alexander, appears 

 to be composed of a dark rough-grained sandstone, similar to that 

 found in Whale Sound (see Sketch No. 6, d). The strata are some- 

 what indistinct from the large disintegrated fragments that occupy 

 the surface ; they appear, however, to incline to the westward at an 

 angle of ten or fifteen degrees. 



West Coast of Baffin's Bay. Smith'' s Sound. — The west shore 

 of Smith's Sound, from Victoria Head, beyond the 79th degree of 

 latitude, to Cape Isabella near the 78th, as well as the coast leading 

 southwardly to Jones' Sound, is so inapproachable from the drifting 

 pack-ice in the season for navigation, that I fear we shall not soon 

 have specimens of the rocks by which the character of so large a 

 portion of the coast can be determined ; and it is, moreover, every- 

 where so covered by the glacier, that the outlines of mere protrusions 

 of the land, taken at a distance of ten to twenty miles; scarcely afford 

 the materials for correct results. From its greater height in many 

 parts than the adjacent, opposite shore, and also from its rugged, in 

 some cases even pinnacled, contour, thus resembling the coast at 

 Cape Farewell, it probably consists for the most part of crystalline 

 rocks. 



Jones' Sound, and North Devon. — Similar appearances obtain (with 

 some local exceptions) along the north * and south shore of Jones' 

 Sound, the Cobourg and neighbouring islands f, and the eastern coast 

 of North Devon. 



Lancaster Sound to Cumberland Sound. — On the opposite shore 

 of Lancaster Sound, at Cape Walter Bathurst, the crystalline rocks 

 are again recognized, and from this point they occupy the whole coast 

 southward to Cumberland Strait, and probably considerably beyond 

 it. To this, however, I believe there is one exception at Cape Durban, 

 on the 67th parallel, where coal has been found by the whalers ; 

 and also at Kingaite, two degrees to the south-west of Durban, where, 

 from the appearance of the land as viewed from a distance, trap may 

 be said to occur on both sides of that inlet. Graphite is found 

 abundant and pure in several islands situate on the 65 th parallel 

 of latitude in Cumberland Straits |, on the west side of Davis' Straits. 



Silurian District of the Georgian Islands, ^c. — The above-men- 

 tioned extensive development of crystalline rocks is flanked to the 



* See Sketch (No. 9) of the coast from Cape Clarence to Pickthorne Bay. 



t See Sketch No. 10. 



t Cumberland Straits of Baffin, its original discover at the end of the sixteenth 

 century; Hogarth Sound of Capt. Penny, who rediscovered it in 1839; and 

 Northumberland Inlet of Capt. Wareham in 1841. 



