350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, [JunC 15, 



N. and S.) were usually the least broken ; but it was rarely difficult 

 to trace the identical bed from valley to Aalley across the range, and 

 for miles along the range. Though the strata were often not con- 

 tinuous, the dislocation of fragments was rarely so great as to pre- 

 vent the original connection from being seen. The cross-valleys 

 were generally not water-worn fissures, but huge cracks across the 

 range, with the rocks on each side apparently little altered since they 

 were rent apart. In one place a fissure of this kind gave a section 

 of the range certainly not less than 1000 feet in depth ; it was num- 

 mulitic limestone from top to bottom. The skirts of the hills and 

 bottoms of the valleys parallel to the main ranges were often marked 

 with alluvial deposits, conglomerates of nummulitic pebbles, and 

 gravel, and I found in more than one spot, uumistakeable evidence 

 of such valleys having been once lakes. 



The only two good sections which I got of the strata in such situ- 

 ations, were, first near Meer Ahmed-khan-katanda, where a hot 

 spring rose at the head of a small cross-valley in the nummulitic 

 strata, which at that spot M'ere nearly perpendicular. Upon these, 

 less inclined, were beds of indurated mud and shale, and upon the 

 skirts of the latter, down into the plain and across to the opposite range 

 of hills, were beds of gravel and sandy conglomerate, at first inclined, 

 but, away from the hills, gradually becoming nearly horizontal (see 

 diagram, p. 349). 



I suspect that the bones are found in a similar deposit, but my 

 belief is founded only on the reports of the natives who found the 

 bones. I failed to find any remains in either the gravel or shale, save 

 one small splinter of bone in the gravel. 



The other section was near Kujoor, where one of the cross-rents 

 above-described cut right through a range of hills. 



The indurated mud or shale is frequently of various brilliant colours, 

 white, and all the shades of yellow, brown, and red which oxides of 

 iron give. At the spots above-mentioned it was apparently resting 

 on the nummulite rock, but more frequently it occurs where this rock 

 is most dislocated, and appears to have been forced up from below. 

 This is very frequently observable on the eastern slopes of the hills, 

 which, as before observed, are usually more precipitous and broken 

 than the western slopes. In two spots this eruption (?) of coloured 

 marls and shales covers an area of several miles square. One is at 

 Runnee-ke-kote or Mohun-kote, where the shale is sufficiently alu- 

 minous to afford alum for commercial purposes ; the other is about 

 ei2;ht miles from Sehwan. In both places, tables of nummulitic 

 limestone are sometimes seen supported on the coloured marls, but 

 in general the limestone has disa5)peared. 



There are numerous uumistakeable traces of volcanic agency. 

 Springs are rare, but what exist, generally at intervals of from ten to 

 twenty miles, are usually hotter than the outer air ; not exceeding, 

 however, in any spring which I saw 109° F. Orifices, whence hot air 

 and steam issue, are not uncommon ; and in more than one spot, on 

 nearly level plains, I found small eruptions of fused matter, forming 

 mounds often not more than a few hundred yards in circumference. 



