﻿1850.] 



VICARY ON THE UPPER PUNJAUB. 



39 



on the east bank of the Indus, which seemed to be identical with 

 carboniferous forms well known in the British Isles. Being unaware 

 at that time of any similar discovery, I urged my friend, the Rev. 

 Dr. Fleming, to make his son's researches known to the scientific 

 world, and to compare exactly the species collected in Western India 

 with those of Scotland, with which he is so conversant. 



Having since shown these fossils to M. de Verneuil, he has iden- 

 tified five out of eight or nine species with forms well known in rocks 

 of this age in other parts of the world, viz. — 



Productus Cora, D'Orb. Orthis crenistria, Phill. 



costatus, Sow. Terebratula Royssii, L'Eveille, and seve- 



Flemingii, Sow. = P. lobatus, Sow. ral other species of this genus. 



Now these fossils have already been known to have an enormous 

 geographical range ; the Productus Cora occurring in Peru, Spitz- 

 bergen, Northern Europe, and the Sierra Morena of Spain ; whilst 

 two or three of the other species have an almost equally extensive 

 distribution. 



The observations of Major Vicary are thus augmented in value by 

 the discoveries of Dr. A. Fleming ; for they prove that the palseozoic 

 rocks have a considerable range in the region of the Indus, a fact 

 hitherto unknown to European geologists. 



Kawree Pass leads through a range of low hills rising in some places 

 to about 800 or 1 000 feet above the plain, and stretching in a north- 

 easterly direction from Moong and Russoolpoor (near Julalpoor) 

 towards Bhimber. The surface of these hills is barren and devoid of 

 herbage, bearing only small and scattered trees. The formation is 

 composed for the most part of yellow marly clays, with beds of a pale 

 soft sandstone, the whole often capped with conglomerate. The 

 boulders and gravel, disengaged from the latter, fill the water-courses, 

 and are thence carried during floods some distance into the plain 

 below. They are also scattered everywhere over the surface of the 

 hills. I also noticed some thin beds of kunkur (travertine), but found 

 no fossils during my hasty march through the Pass. I think that 

 these clays, with kunkur, conglomerate, &c, will be found to belong 

 to a tertiary formation noticed below. 



The range of hills distinguished by Mount Tilla (a high and con- 

 spicuous landmark) is north of this range about 30 miles, running 

 nearly parallel to it, with the Jhilum river passing along the inter- 

 vening valley. The broken and hilly country, however, stretching 

 from Mount Tilla, reaches nearly to the bank of the river, at a point 

 a short distance north-east of Julalpoor. The range of hills entered 

 by the Rotas Pass is a prolongation of that from which Mount Tilla 

 rises, and the mouth of the Pass is probably not more than twenty- 

 five miles east of it; the road, via Rotas, as far as the Bukkur-Alla 

 Pass (or nearly to it), about forty miles, leads along the bed of the 

 Kuhan river, the sands of which are washed for gold-dust. The outer 

 and lower hills at once reminded me of those I had seen in Scinde, at 



