﻿1850.] MURCHISON ON THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF VICHY. 81 



rection from S.S.E. to N.N.W was also productive of fractures; for 

 separate portions of the mass which deviate slightly from the general 

 and prevalent direction are found to be broken across, and thus the 

 strata here and there dip against or away from each other, all which 

 indicates great violence of movement. 



It is important to remark, that the direction in which the verti- 

 cal strata have been upheaved is also that along which the most 

 remarkable of the mineral springs of Vichy occur. Leaving the 

 well of the Celestins, and passing in the continuation of its line of 

 fracture to the N.N.W. over the masses of calcareous rock and 

 tuff on which Vichy stands, you come to the copious thermal foun- 

 tain of the Hopital, whose temperature is 35 0, 25 Centigrade. Still 

 further to the S.S.E. are the issues of the Grande Grille, 39°'26, and 

 the "Grand bassin," 44 0, 88 ; both issuing in different parts of the 

 same great building or " Etablissement* 



* It is not my province to enter into details respecting the properties and con- 

 tents of the various springs of Vichy, which are seven in number ; but the four prin- 

 cipal sources are those mentioned in the text. The reader who desires to see why 

 Berzelius was of opinion that all such thermal sources were produced by former 

 volcanic action, will consult the ' Quellen von Karlsbad ' of that author, who 

 assimilates the origin of those in Germany and elsewhere to that of the numerous 

 " volcanic springs " of Central France. See also BischofFs ' Vulkanische Mineral- 

 quellen Deutschlands und Frankreich,' Bonn, 1826. The order of the strata at 

 Vichy, and the occurrence of granite as the underlying rock whence the springs 

 rise, are inaccurately given by this last author, owing to the work cited by him 

 as authority. (See note, p. 77.) It is interesting, however, to observe, that the 

 springs of Central France which possess the highest temperature are situated in 

 rocks and positions which seem to indicate, that the heat was developed in very 

 ancient fissures ; like those of Mont Dor and Chaudes Aigues, the former 45°, 

 the latter 88° Centig. The same may be said of the springs of Gastein in the 

 Alps, whose temperature is 36° Reaumur. I annex a table of the mineral consti- 

 tuents in a gallon of the water taken from the various sources at Vichy. For the 

 medicinal effects of the waters, the reader must consult the publications of MM. 

 Patissier, Petit, &c, and of Dr. Durand Fardel. 



Mineral constituents in a gallon of Vichy water. 

 (Taken from the Rapport sur l'emploi des Eaux Minerales de Vichy, par Patissier 

 et Petit. Paris, Bailliere, 1840.) 





Source 



Source 



Source 



Source 



Source 



Source 



Source 





of the 



of the 



of the 



of the 



of the 



of the 



of the 



Substances contained in 



Grande 



Chomel, 



Great 



Hospi- 



Acacias, 



Lucas, 



Celes- 



the waters. 



Grille, 



39°'26 



Basin, 



tal, 



27°-25 



29°-85 



tins, 





temp. 



Cent. 



44°-88 



35°-25 



Cent. 



Cent. 



19°75 





39°-18C. 



Cent. 



Cent. 



Cent. 





lit. 



lit. 



lit. 



lit. 



lit. 



lit. 



lit. 





0-475 



0499 



0-534 



0-494 



0-649 



0-540 



0-562 





grs. 



grs. 



grs. 



grs. 



grs. 



grs. 



grs. 





4-9814 



4-9814 



4-9814 



5-0513 



5 0513 



5-0863 



5-3240 





0-3498 



0-3488 



0-3429 



0-5223 



0-5668 



0-5005 



0-6103 



Carbonate of magnesia 



0-9849 



00852 



00869 



0-0952 



00972 



0-0970 



00725 



Chloride of sodium ... 



0-5700 



0-5700 



0-5700 



0-5426 



0-5426 



0-5463 



0-5770 





0-4725 



0-4725 



0-4725 



0-4208 



0-4208 



0-3933 



0-2754 





0-0029 



0-0031 



0-0066 



0-0020 



00170 



0029 



00059 





0-0736 



00724 



00726 



00472 



00510 



00415 



01131 





6-5351 



6-5531 



6-5171 



6-6814 



67461 



6667S 



6-9802 



From comparative analyses by Strnve it would appear, that the Vichy water con- 

 VOL. VTI. PART I. G 



