﻿298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 25, 



intersected by one or more lines of igneous action (see Map). The 

 schists sometimes have a true slaty fracture, the grits pass into quartz- 

 ites, and the limestones are for the most part exceedingly hard and 

 compact, and of a dark colour ; the whole being entirely devoid of 

 fossil remains. The stratification of the beds is perfectly clear, the 

 dip being in general to the N.N.E., at an angle of from 10° to 15°. 

 On the line of section, however, a portion of the mountain is crossed 

 where we find the dip to be suddenly reversed, so as to take the di- 

 rection of S.S.W. (see Section No. 1). This reversal of the dip is 

 of rather frequent occurrence in the mountains generally, and seems 

 to be without doubt the result of the absolute rupture and dislocation 

 of an immense mass of the strata, in this case five or six miles square. 



The lines of igneous action on the whole follow that of the strike. 

 Although greenstone may be taken as the prevailing type of the erup- 

 tive rock, there are very great varieties in its composition. In some 

 places it is crystalline, and then sometimes assumes the spheroidal 

 form ; in others it has an almost homogeneous granular texture. At 

 one place it passes into a syenitic rock, at another into a granite. 

 From being undoubtedly crystalline and amorphous, it gradually 

 takes a decidedly laminated structure, having the aspect of an earthy 

 or uncrystalline gneiss. At one point, a little to the east of the sec- 

 tion, an outburst of considerable extent, chiefly of an amygdaloidal 

 form, is associated with the formation of several small lakes, at eleva- 

 tions of between 3000 and 4000 feet. Not far from these is another 

 small lake, called Naini-tal, which gives its name to a sanitary set- 

 tlement that has been founded on its edge. In the immediate vici- 

 nity of this lake, the elevation of which is about 6400 feet, are dykes 

 of a well-defined crystalline greenstone, one of which reaches to the 

 summit of the ridge above the lake to an altitude of upwards of 7000 

 feet. A similar greenstone is met with in several places at equal ele- 

 vations on the more southern face of this group of mountains. The 

 line of igneous action is elsewhere seen to enter the sandstone region 

 last described. The eruptive rock then takes the form of a granite, 

 which in some places becomes of a dark green colour by the mixture 

 of what appears to be chlorite in considerable quantities. I could 

 not see any actual contact of this granite with the strata in its 

 neighbourhood, but the sandstone is seen within a very few yards of 

 it quite unchanged ; and such appears to be the case with all this 

 series of eruptive rocks, their effect invariably seeming to be confined 

 to shattering the strata and rendering them rather more subject to 

 decay than usual. On one part of the line rich mines of red haema- 

 tite are found and worked in quartz-rock close to the trap. 



Although the evidence is confessedly defective, I yet think that 

 there seems reason to suppose that an assemblage of schists and lime- 

 stones of a semicrystalline character, associated with eruptive rocks 

 of the greenstone order, such as I have here been describing, is not a 

 merely local phenomenon, but that these rocks are always found 

 along the southern edge of the mountains immediately succeeding 

 the sandstone-ranges. To the east of the Kali I have no information 

 whatever, but from that river to the Jumna we have sufficient evi- 



