﻿1851.] 



LOGAN — GEOLOGY OF SINGAPORE. 



311 



obstructs our progress and hides the nature of the ground, the whole 

 breadth of the Peninsula is here depressed and broken up, exposing 

 natural sections in various directions, which are preserved from the 

 obliterating influence of the rapid decomposition and exuberant vege- 

 tation of the region by the strong currents which the China Sea, on 

 the E., and the Bay of Bengal, on the W., impel through the depres- 

 sion. Of these littoral sections the best are those of the islets in the 

 Strait of Singapore, and the points of Singapore Island, the S.E. pro- 

 montory of the Peninsula, Bintang, and Batam, which advance into 

 it, and, receiving the full force of the main current, are worn by more 

 powerful waves than those which invade the sheltered portions of the 

 Straits, such as the narrow channel which separates Singapore from 

 the continent, and the shallow bays of Batam. 



I. Structure and Composition of the District. 



1. General configuration. — The configuration of the district pre- 

 sents several features worthy of remark. The land-portion of it is 

 low, and is composed of hills generally in ramified systems, the direc- 

 tion of the principal branches forming a small angle with that of the 

 geographical axis of the Peninsula (N.W. by N., S.E. by S.), that is, 

 deviating about 20° or 25° to the W. of it, or from N.W. by W. to 

 N.W. by W.fW.* The mean height of the hills must be under 100 

 feet, the greater number falling short of that elevation, while only a 

 few points attain to heights varying from 500 to 750 feetf . The 



* This direction, however, agrees with that of the whole western side at least 

 of Johor, the Peninsular coast from the latitude of Pulo Lumut, a little to the 

 north of Parcelar Hill, running S.E. by E. to its south-western extremity at Tan- 

 jong Bum, a distance of about 160 miles. 



f The following are the heights of the principal eminences of the ranges in the 

 neighbourhood of Singapore Town, above the level of low-water, at spring tides, 

 as determined trigonometrically by J. T. Thomson, Esq. 



Lessuden 72-3 



Mount Erskine 88*3 



Ansersabs Hill, or Mount Wallich 144*3 



Mount Parsee or Palmer 119*3 



Duxton 68*2 



Craighall 65*0 



Guthrie's Hill 106*2 



Raeburn 45*2 



Everton 34*2 



Spottiswoode Park 73*5 



Line Hill 124*2 



Mount Farqubar 107*3 



Rosemary Hill 115*9 



Sisters Caroline & Catherine Hill 110*1 



Sri Menanti 81*5 



Mount Harriet 103*5 



Nassim's Fine Hill 93*6 



Broad Field 75*3 



Bonny Grass 85*5 



Annan Bank 80*5 



Pavilion 108*3 



Kiltiney House 94*4 



Feet. 



Lady Hill 108*0 



Mount Victoria 100*8 



Mount Elizabeth 82*2 



Cairn Hill 113*2 



Emerald Hill 71*9 



Mount Emily 135*1 



Caroline 108*1 



Louisa 112*1 



Sophia 108*3 



Bukit Chermin 106*6 



Hooden Field 70*2 



Saint James 54*3 



Monastery 72*5 



, north 75*5 



Bain's Hill 78*6 



Briars 91*3 



Swiss Cottage 80*5 



Mount Helen 80*8 



Mount Arthur 80*0 



Duncarn 75*5 



Green Hill 87*8 



[Perth 



