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PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 25, 



earth before this piece of wood was brought up. Other 40 feet of 

 hard ferruginous earths and clays were pierced at this locality (near 

 the Hindu Temple). 



At the Gaol, 55 feet of blue mud, mixed with shells, were found 

 resting on red earth mixed with the bark of trees. 



At Teluk Ayer, near the beach, the layers bored through were, — 



Soft blue mud with shells 40 feet. 



Bright red clays alternating with brown and yellow 



clays 60 „ 



At the foot of Government Hill, near the Convict Lines, there 

 were found, — 



White clays 20 feet. 



Red clays and laterite resting on a very hard white 



clay 30 „ 



In digging " Jocksing's Well," 9 feet of alluvial sand were found 

 to rest on ferruginous gravel similar to that which occurs frequently 

 on the hills near Singapore*. 



We have not mentioned Coral as contributing to the alluvium of 

 Singapore plain, because there is no evidence that it did so in a con- 

 siderable degree. The eastern cliffs wasted too rapidly to allow of 

 its growth in front of them, and mud and sand-banks, both unfavour- 

 able to the Polyps, were constantly increasing within the bay. The 

 fresh water which it received from the interior would also be hostile 

 to them. We shall at another place notice the localities where they 

 flourish and the office they perform. 



4. Structure and Disposition in the Mass of the Rocksf. 



1. Sedimentary rocks. — With the exception of the sandstones in 

 the eastern part of Singapore and those on the east bank of the River 

 Johor below Johor Lama, which are nearly horizontal, the strata rise 

 at various angles, generally high, and frequently vertical. 



Their strike over the whole district approximates to the direction 

 of the Malay Peninsula, or N.W. by N. It deviates, however, about 

 22\° on both sides, or N. by W. and N.W. by W., and this not 

 merely at places distant from each other, but in limited localities. 



Strata are very rarely found lying in other quarters of the compass, 

 and such aberrations never extend far. The most striking excep- 

 tions are Kiltiney, adjoining Government Hill in Singapore, where 

 the strata run N.N.E., as they also appear to do in the next hill to 

 the west, Institution Hill. 



* The above paragraph is from the paper cited in the preceding note. It is 

 added, on the authority of Dutch writers, that in Banka, which is a part of the 

 Peninsular band of elevation, and where tin pits are often dug to a considerable 

 depth through the alluvium, there has been found a bed of turf, with -wood which 

 had been cut, below 20 feet of clay ; a boat, differing from the kinds which have 

 been in use from time immemorial, at a depth of 16 feet; and traces of a rice- 

 field in another deep pit. 



f I have obtained sections and measurements of the strata of many of the 

 islands, but I reserve these for notices of these islands. 



