﻿384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



near the very surface of the Weald-clay, and had been protected from 

 atmospheric action by a copious cover of clay or loam. At Pluckley, 

 the drift used as ballast for the railways covered beds filled with 

 Paludina and Cyclas (the Bethersden marble of Kent) ; and at Ash- 

 ford, the drift-clay, which is tenacious, reddish, and speckled through- 

 out with angular chalk-flints, at once covers the Weald-clay in situ, 

 with its Cypris Valdensis. It is also worthy of remark, that here, 

 as in the parallel of the Medway, in proportion as we recede from 

 the main zone of drift, in proceeding from the north towards Eye and 

 Winchelsea, the flints diminish in size, until gradually all traces of 

 them are lost ; the southernmost portion of the Weald-clay, as in 

 the flat grounds towards Romney Marsh, being covered by rich 

 loam only. 



Drift at Dover and Folkestone. — At Dover (see Section fig. 10) 



Fig. 10. — Diagram, showing the relations of the Angular Drift and 

 Elephant Rubble to the Chalk at Dover. 



N. Shakespeare's Cliff. Dover Castle and Port. S. 



Sea. 



x' 



c. Chalk (upper part with flints), capped by flint-drift, sr. w. Flint-drift. 



x 1 , Flint-drift, capped with clay and passing downwards into Elephant Rubble. 



the terminus of the railroad has been excavated in a considerable 

 thickness of large fragments of chalk, constituting a chalk-rubble, 

 and exactly resembling the lower portion of one part of the Brighton 

 breccia east of Kemp Town, in being composed of broken chalk almost 

 in situ. As at Brighton, it fills up a hollow in the solid chalk which 

 opens to the port, and ranging along the shore between the fort and 

 the terminus, has a maximum thickness of 50 to 60 feet. In follow- 

 ing this rubble from the station towards the first tunnel, it is seen to 

 thin out and to be supplanted in its lower part by the solid chalk, 

 which rises from beneath it. In its upper portion, however, the 

 breccia passes into a band of the flint-drift, with which it is thus 

 merged. In mounting the hill from the north end of the tunnel, 

 the observer can clearly see how these materials, viz. the white chalk- 

 rubble and the ochreous flint-detritus, form portions of the same de- 

 posit, and on ascending to the summit of Shakespeare's Cliff, he will 

 further perceive that the broken-flint-drift which is here mixed up 

 with reddish, tenacious clay, as in many parts of the South Downs, 

 accommodates itself to all the sinuosities of the outline of the chalk. 

 Thence southwards to Folkestone, the chalk-hills are capped, and their 

 indentations filled, with the same detritus, whether it be the Chalk 

 with flints on the summit of Shakespeare's Cliff, or the Middle and 

 Lower Chalk ; as is represented in Dr. Fitton's Section of the 

 Chalk of Devon *. 



Teeth of Elephants have been found on the shore under the Dover 



* See Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond. N. S. vol. iv. PI. X. b. f. 9. 



