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PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



conditions of less violence than the overlying broken flints. In short, 

 I believe that the period of the drift of this region was one during 

 which several vibrations and oscillations of the surface followed each 

 other, whilst the lands were tenanted by large quadrupeds now ex- 

 tinct, and the testacea of the land and sea were those that now prevail 

 in the same latitude. The sections of the clay and flint-drift between 

 Brighton and Hove, that have been mentioned p. 367, sustain this 

 view. Since the memoir was printed, fresh excavations for brick- 

 earth have completely substantiated the fact, that however much the 

 clay under the angular flints may there have a tertiary aspect, the 

 whole is of the same modern or post-pliocene age, through a thickness 

 of upwards of 40 feet. The following is a detailed section of the subsoil 

 as recently cut into ; but it must be understood, that no one of the 

 masses described is persistent in a horizontal extension for more than 

 a few yards, and that each of them is capriciously distributed. 



Ft. In. 



1. Upper loam and angular flints, the latter much prevailing; void of 



all traces of bedding, and filling tumultuously very irregular depres- 

 sions in the clay below. (Angular flint-drift) 8 to 13 



2. Brownish, ochreous brick-earth with some sand, an occasional small 



fragment of chalk or flint, a tertiary pebble at rare intervals, shells 



of Littorina here and there, and few traces of bedding 17 



3. Sandy bluish clay with highly fractured bones of Hippopotamus ? and 



teeth of Horse, Stag, &c. ; and sea-shells of the species Littorina 

 littoralis and Mytilus edulis (the latter preserving its colour), much 

 fractured, chiefly at the bottom, and resting on the upper " shingle." 

 The matrix is evidently the residue of a tertiary clay in which some 

 Cerithia are still discernible 4 



f 4. Coarse " shingle "of unrolled chalk-flints not muchfractured, and look- 

 ing as if they had been moved a short distance only ; with a few 

 pebbles of granite 9 inches to 1 3 



j 5. Sands of ochreous, white, and grey colours, with occasional frag- 

 ments of sea-shells near the top, and with rare large waterworn 

 pebbles 1 foot to 7 



6. Lower " shingle," of the same materials as the upper shingle ; the 



pebbles rounded and small, varying from 2 to 8 inches in size, 

 much waterworn 9 inches to 1 3 



7. Chalk-breccia of small thickness. 



8. Chalk with flints, in which a strong spring of water rises at 4 feet 



below the surface. 



The two courses (4 and 6) of " shingle," as they are called by the 

 workmen, between Brighton and Hove, constitute, with the interpo- 

 lated sand (5), but one stratum only, which is clearly the equivalent 

 of the old beach of Kemp Town. A few of the same pebbles which 

 occur in the upper and lower shingles are found at intervals in the 

 fine sand, and where the latter thins out, the two pebble courses are 

 united. The clearest proof of the identity of the Hove shingle-beds 

 with the old beach of Kemp Town consists in the admixture in both 

 of granitic rocks with large chalk-flints, all more or less waterworn, 

 and perfectly distinct from every portion of the superior accumula- 

 tions. Now, this one and the same former beach, which is every- 

 where recumbent on the bare chalk, is about 24 feet below high- 

 water mark at the west end of Brighton (see Woodcut, fig. 11), and 

 not less than 15 or 16 feet above the same level at the Preventive 



