406 PKOCEEDrjTGS OF THE GEOLOGTCAL SOCIETY. [June 5, 



downward curvature of the cylindrical brow-tyne ; and I have there- 

 fore named the animal to which they belonged Cervus verticornis. 



Characters. — The base of the antler is set on to the head very 

 obliquely (fig. 1) ; and immediately above it there springs the cylin- 

 drical brow-tyne, h, which in this specimen (fig. 1) has been torn 

 away from the antler before it was deposited in the ferruginous 

 gravel. Its sudden downward and outward curvature is shown in 

 the magnificent antler found by the E,ev. J. Gunn, and now in the 

 Korwich Museum (fig. 2), and which has been described by Dr. 

 Falconer*. Immediately above the brow-tyne the beam is more or 

 less cylindrical; but it becomes gradually more and more flattened 

 until it gives off the oval second tyne, c ; and it does not again recover 

 its rounded section. A third, flattened tyne (flg. 1, d) springs on the 

 anterior side of the antler ; and immediately above it the broad ex- 

 panded crown is proved, by the convergence of the compact outer 

 walls of the antler at e, to have terminated in at least two points, 

 and possibly more. No tyne is thrown off on the posterior side of 

 the antler ; but the sweep is uninterrupted from the antler-base to 

 the first point of the crown. The beam is slightly flattened at the 

 front where the brow-tyne, b, is given off. In all the specimens 

 which have not been rolled, the surface is traversed by broad and 

 shallow grooves. The second tyne, c, is, in all the specimens, set on 

 in a different plane from the brow-tyne. 



A secondary brow-tyne is given off close to the base in one large 

 antler in the British Museum. This circumstance, however, is of 

 no more importance in classification than in the parallel case of the 

 Stag. In Mr. Gunn's large specimen in the Norwich Museum a 

 small point or " offer " immediately below the brow-tyne may indi- 

 cate that, on the older antlers, the development of two brow-tynes 

 was not uncommon. 



These antlers differ from those of the Cervus megaceros in the 

 greater curvature downwards of the brow-tyne and the close approxi- 

 mation of the second tyne, c, to h, as well as in the crown being less 

 palmated. The beam also is stouter in proportion to its length. 



* "The specimen is of left side, and consists of the basal portion of a huge 

 horn that had been shed. The brow-antler is given oif about 2 inches above the bur, 

 and is curved abruptly downwards and outwards like a huge hook ; it is perfectly 

 terete, and the portion remaining shows no appearance of subdivision. It is very 

 boldly channelled on the convex outer side, smooth inwards. The beam above 

 the bur is not quite terete, but oval, with a ridge behind, opposite the brow- 

 antler. The beam then contracts, and becomes nearly cylindrical, and tlien 

 expands, giving off from the anterior outer side a large antler at about 6-7 

 inches above the bur, and 4Jr inches (lower edge) above upper side of brow- 

 antler. The beam is then somewhat flattened in a direction corresponding with 

 that of tlie brow-antler. Only the section of the base of the median antler seen. 

 A ridge descends from lower edge of median antler, outer side, to the ridge or 

 tuberosity ojDposite the brow-antler. 



"The brow-antler is given off much higher than I have ever seen it in the 

 Irish Elk; the beam less cylindrical than in the latter, and more erect, without 

 the elegant, long, reclinate reach in the latter. The low offset of the median 

 antler is also very different. It appears to indicate a huge Deer, as large as 

 the Irish Elk, but quite distinct." — PalcBontographical Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 479. 



