424 PROCEEDINGS OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [JunO 5, 



the areas south of the Alps and Pyrenees which cannot with any 

 certainty be said to belong to one stage of the Pleistocene rather 

 than to the other. The Antilope saiga has been added to the list 

 of the Prench Mammalia by M. Lartet from remains found in the 

 cave of Bruniquel. The caves of Mentone, explored by Mr. Mog- 

 geridge *, and the caves and river- deposits of Provence are remarkable 

 for the absence of the Eeindeer, which is so abundant in those of the 

 Pyrenees. 



The same group f of animals has been proved to have occupied 

 Belgium by the researches of Dr. Schmerling and M. Dupont ; whUe 

 their range is extended into Suabia by the investigations of Prof. 0. 

 Praas, and into Switzerland by Dr. Kiitimeyer. They also passed 

 eastwards, and are found in the caves of Bavaria; and the more 

 characteristic forms (such as the Mammoth, Woolly Rhinoceros, 

 Musk-sheep, Eeindeer, and Bison) have been traced through Pussia 

 in Europe by Pallas, into Northern Asia, where they have been met 

 with in vast abundance by many explorers +. 



9. The Middle Pleistocene. 



The middle division of the Pleistocene, or that stage which is re- 

 presented in Britain by the older deposit in Kent's Hole and the 

 brick-earths of the Thames valley, is represented by a river-deposit 

 in the Auvergne, which contains Machcerodus Jatidens, and the cave 

 of Baume, in the Jura, in which Machcerodus occurs in association 

 with the Cave-bear, Hysena, Elephant, and a non-tichorine species 

 of Bhinoceros. The distinctness of M. latidens from any of the 

 Pliocene species has been satisfactorily decided by Prof. Gervais. 

 The animal may therefore be taken as characteristic of a non-Pliocene 

 era in the history of the animals of Europe ; and since, on the one 

 hand, the entire Arctic group of animals, so characteristic of the Late 

 Pleistocene stage, is absent, and, on the other, all the peculiar ani- 

 mals of the early stage represented by the Forest-bed, that era must 

 be Middle Pleistocene §. 



10. The Eaelt Pleistocene Division. 



The river-deposit of St.-Prest, near Chartres, represents in France, 

 according to Prof. Gervais, the Early Pleistocene stage of the Forest- 



* Erlt. Assoc. Meeting 1871, Edinburgh ; Congres International d' An thro-, 

 pologie & d'ArcheoIogie prehistoriques, Paris, volume for 1867, p. 96. 



t The authorities for this list are the following writers : — For France a,nd 

 Bel^um, those which have been quoted, Lartet, Christy, Gervais, Gaudry, De 

 Serres. For those of Belgium, Dr. Schmerling, ' Les Oss. Foss. des Cavernesde 

 Liege.' Suabia : Dr. Fraas. Switzerland : Dr. Riitimeyer. Prussia : Sir 

 Charles Lyell, ' Antiquity of Man ; ' Giebel ' Palaontologie,' Quedlinburg, 1851, 

 p. 32. Spain : M. Lartet, ' Ann. des Sc. Nat.' Gibraltar, Italy, Sicily : Fal- 

 coner, ' Palffiont. Memoirs,' vol. ii. ; Bust, ' Prehistoric Congress,' Norwich, 1868. 



t MiddendorfF, ' Sibirische Eeise.' Wrangel, ' Siberia and the Polar Sea,' 

 transl. by Major Sabine, 1840. 



§ The authorities for this paragraph are : — Gervais, ' Zool. et Paleont. Frang., 

 SLYticle 3fachcsrod7is; ' Animaux vertebr.' 1867-69, p. 76; Lartet, ' Congres Inter- 

 national d'Anthropologie et d'ArcheoIogie prehistoriques,' Paris, p. 269. 



