1872.] 



DAWKINS CLASSIFICATION OF PLEISTOCENE STRATA. 



443 



of land similarly situated, such as Northern Asia and North America. 

 And these climatal extremes have been deduced, as we have already 

 seen, from the analysis of the Mammalia. 



19. The Pliocene Mammalia. 



The relation of the Pleistocene to the Pliocene fauna must now 

 be examined ; and this inquiry is of very great difficulty, because the 

 latter has not yet been satisfactorily defined, although Prof. Gervais 

 and Dr. Falconer have given the more important species of Au- 

 vergne, Montpellier, and the Val d'Arno. The following list is 

 taken from Prof. Gervais's great work ' Zoologie et Paleontologie 

 Frangaises,' p. 349, the term Pseudo-pliocene merely implying that 

 the fauna differs from that of the marine deposit of Montpellier, 

 which he takes as his standard. 



Hystrix refossa. 

 Castor issiodorensis. 

 Arctomys antiqua. 

 Arvicola robustus. 

 Lepus Lacosti. 

 Masfcodon arvernensis. 

 Tapiij'us arvernensis. 

 Rhinoceros elatus ? 

 Bos elatus. 

 Cervus polycladus. 



Pseudo-pliocene of Issoir. 



Cervus ardens. 

 C. cladocerus. 

 C. issiodorensis. 

 C. Perrieri. 

 C. asstuariorum. 

 C. pardinensis. 

 C. arvernensis. 

 C. causanus. 

 Sua arvernensis. 

 Ursus arvernensis. 



Canis borbonidus. 

 Felis pardinensis. 

 F. arvernensis. 

 F. brevirostris. 

 F. issiodorensis. 

 Machasrodus cultridena. 

 Hyajna arvernensis. 

 H. Perrieri. 

 Lutra Bravardi. 



To these animals Dr. Falconer* adds Hippopotamus major, Ele- 

 pJias antiquus, and Wiinoceros megarhinus, and he identifies Rhino- 

 ceros elatus with his new species Rhinoceros etruscus. Prof. Gaudry 

 agrees with me in the belief that HycKua Perrieri is identical with 

 H. striata or the striped species. 



Professor Gervais also identifies the Equus rohustus of M. Pomel, 

 from the same locality, with the common Horse, Equus fossilis. 



The fauna of Montpellier is certainly very difi'erent from that of 

 Issoire ; but since it is neither Miocene nor Pleistocene, it must be- 

 long to one of the intermediate stages of the Pliocene. It includes 



Semnopithecus monspessulanus. 

 Macacns priscus. 

 Chalicomys sigmodus. 

 Lagomys loxodus. 

 Mastodon brevirostris. 

 Rhinoceros megarhinus. 

 Tapirus minor. 

 Antilope Cordieri. 

 A. hastata. 



Cervus Cuvieri. 

 C. australis. 

 Sus provincialis. 

 Hyrenodon insignis. 



Hysena ? 



Machasrodus. 

 Felis Christolii. 

 Lutra affinis. 



The Mastodon brevirostris of this list is considered by Dr. Fal- 

 coner to be identical with M. arvernensis of MM. Croiset and Jobert. 



The fauna of the Yal d'Arno differs from that of Montpellier and 

 of Auvergne, and yet is considered by Dr. Falconer to be eminently 



* Palseont. Mem. vol. ii. p. 49. 



VOL. XXVIII. PART I. 2 I 



