1872.] TIDDEMAN ICD-SHEET IN NOETH LANCASHIRE ETC. 475 



in the neiglibourhood of Ingleborough. I may state that through- 

 oiit this district at each locality the strise are tolerably regular and 

 parallel. Some few do, of course, cross the others obliquely; but 

 there is seldom any difficulty in seeing which is the main direction. 

 Such slight and unsystematic deviations may easily have been made 

 by stones falling into crevasses, which would not necessarily at first 

 have their principal axis in the direction of the movement of the 

 ice. Such rotation as would be produced in accommodating their 

 axes to the direction of least resistance would cause any projecting 

 points to form scratches oblique to those produced by stones which 

 had already assumed that direction. 



The Scratches of the Lune District. — There appears to be a greater 

 harmony of arrangement along parallel curved lines here than in 

 any other part of the district. It will be seen that near the north 

 edge of the map, about Killington Common, they have a south-south- 

 westerly direction ; a few miles further south they are a little more 

 westerly, whereas about Lancaster and south of Morecambe Bay 

 they curve again to the south. It is not easy to describe the paral- 

 lelism of curvature ; but the map renders it at once apparent^ to 

 the eye. 



Now, can these be accounted for by a local glacier? Those on 

 Killington Common are on one of the highest parts of the ridge 

 between the valleys of the Lune and Kent, and run along its crest, 

 not across it. They are about 600 feet above the adjoining valleys. 

 Those further south are not on^quite such high ground ; but they are 

 considerably above the lowest line of drainage which would be taken 

 by a glacier at several miles distance from high gathering-grounds. 



The scratches on Claughton Moor, a semidetached hill on the 

 north side of the Central Fells group, are very interesting. They 

 harmonize most thoroughly with the curved arrangement of the others 

 in the Lune district, and were evidently formed in the same way and 

 by the same agent. Yet, unless we are prepared to admit that the 

 direction of the main mass of ice was north and towards the higher 

 ground of the Lake-district rather than south and away from it, we 

 must allow that they were formed by ice pushing uphill at the rate 

 of 800 feet or more in two miles. This view is confirmed by the 

 higher FeUs S.S.W. of this, lying in the same line of direction, 

 being completely moutonnees over a very large surface, and to a 

 height of at any rate 1500 feet. 



I had the benefit of Professor Ramsay's opinion on this matter; 

 and he quite agreed with me that the ice producing these effects must 

 have come from the north, and not from the south. It is clear that 

 local glaciers going downhill have not made them ; for in this case 

 the ice has not been travelling in the direction of the greatest fall, 

 but considerably across it. Nor can they have been produced by ice- 

 bergs grounding, as might be suggested ; for then there would be some 

 indication of coasting, whereas these markings are all nearly parallel 

 and going up the hiU instead of along it. Nor will an ice-foot explain 

 it; for then we should have scratches radiating from the higher 

 ground. In short, I can conceive of no arrangement but that of land- 



VOL. XXVIU. PART I. 2 L 



