476 PROCEEDINGS OF XHE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 19, 



ice pushed up over this hill by pressure from behind, and obliged to 

 maintain a definite course by ice to the right and left of it. 



Now let us look at the set of north-and-south scratches on the 

 north flank of the Central Fells. 



It might be suggested that they are due to the shedding of ice to 

 the north from those Fells ; but, on the other hand, they are close to 

 the vaUey of the Wenning, a river which runs from the east to join 

 the Lune, and which would under a system of separate glaciers drain 

 the ice of a considerable part of the high ground about Ingleborough, 

 as well as the northern flank of the central moorlands. Such a valley- 

 glacier would require a considerable width for its channel ; and the 

 ice in that would proceed exactly at right angles to the path indicated 

 by these striae ; and they show no signs of turning to run into the 

 Wenning glacier. They cannot be clearly explained by the grounding 

 of icebergs ; for icebergs we know are governed in their course more 

 by currents than by winds, and it is improbable that a current five 

 mUes broad would impinge upon land without giving some signs of 

 its being deflected. IJpon the whole I inchne to the opinion that 

 these scratches also belong to the same system as the remainder of 

 the Lune scratches, and that they represent the passage of ice over 

 the Central Fells by a movement from the north — a supposition which 

 is somewhat strengthened by the great smoothing to which these Fells 

 up to their summits have been subjected, all the ordinary stratigra- 

 phical features having been obliterated. 



Ingleborough District. — -Another very interesting set of scratches 

 has been found by Mr. Hughes and myself on the east flank of In- 

 gleborough ; they are running in a curved Hue, pointing to one 

 another, and rising as they proceed from north to south. They curve 

 from S. 10° W. to W. 40° S., and in so curving rise from 1225 feet 

 to 1350 feet. The curve taken by them seems to be caused by the 

 ice roundiug Simon's Fell, the east shoulder of Ingleborough. They 

 are on the edge of a long moraine-like mound, which takes the 

 same direction as the scratches. I confess I have some difficulty in 

 seeing at what portion of the glacial period these were made. That 

 they were made by a glacier is verj'- probable ; but if so, the glacier 

 which formed them must have been at least four miles in breadth. 

 They certainly do not show any signs of having been formed by any 

 small local glaciers which had their birth on Ingleborough ; for they 

 are transverse to the course of any such glaciers. It is possible that 

 the moraine-like mound may have been what was left of the till of 

 the ice-sheet between the scour produced by the dwindling glacier 

 of the nibble valley and a small glacier descending from the hollow 

 on the south side of the summit. In that case they may still be 

 memorials of the great ice-sheet. 



On the large limestone plateau south-east of Ingleborough, rudely 

 coextensive with the portion between the 1000- and 1500-feet levels 

 on the map, are many signs of ice-action. They exist chiefly under 

 isolated large boulders supported on little pedestals of limestone 

 rock, in many respects similar to glacier tables ; for the boulder has 

 preserved from weather the scratched surface on which it rested, 

 whilst aU around the limestone has wasted away to the depth of 



