EICHWALD GEOLOGY OF MANQISCHLAK. 11 



IV. Upper Miocene. 



a. Polishing-slate composed of diatoms, with some fish-remains 

 (Lehia crassicauda and Leuciscus cenlngensis). Preshwater. 



h. Sulphuriferous blue marls, with gypsum ; probably fresh- 

 water. 



c. Marly, or sometimes tufaceous, limestone, abounding in Pora- 

 minifera identical with those of the Vienna Basin. 



V. Pliocene. 



a. Blue marls, with Pinna tetragona, P. seminuda, Isocardia cor, 

 Mytilus barbatus, M. sericeus, M. edulis, Venus multilamella, ScJiiz- 

 aster scillce. 



b. Tufaceous, porous limestone (much in use as a building- 

 material) containing Panopcea Faujasi, Pecten Jacobcens, Pectunculus 

 insubricus, P. glycymeris, P. injlatus, Venus islandicoides, V.plicata, 

 V. midtilamelh , V. pedemontana, Janira p>yxidata, J. Jtabelliformis, 

 Nucula placentina, N. nucleus, Lutraria elliptica, L. rugosa, L. ob- 

 loyiga. Pinna seminuda, P. tetragona, Natica millepunctata, Crepidida 

 unguiformis, Cardium edule, C. sulcatum, C. fragile, Psammechinus 

 mirabilis, Bidla lignaria, Terebratula grandis, Conus ponderosus, G. 

 elevatus, C Brocchii, Cladocora granulosa. 



c. Sands, sandstones, and conglomerates, the last chiefly composed 

 of fragments of the Miocene deposits on which they rest. At the 

 base there is usually a great oyster-bed, which forms a good geo- 

 logical horizon. The organic remains found here are Ostrea edulis, 

 0. gibbosa, Hinnites crispus, H. sinuosus, Nucida placentina, N. 

 Polii, Venus multilamella, V. minima, Panopcea Faujasii, Cardium 

 multicostatum, Cardita rhomboidea, C. pectinata. 



[CotTNT M.] 



5. Geology of the Peninsula of Mangischlak (Caspian Sea). 



By E. VON ElCHWALD. 



[Proc. Imp. Geol. Inst. Vienna, May 7, 1872.] 



LiAssic, Middle Jurassic, and Cretaceous deposits are represented in 

 this peninsula. Certain argillaceous shales and sandstones on the 

 Little Karatan are probably the equivalents of the lias of the Crimea. 

 The Brown- coal deposits of the peninsula appear to be connected 

 with beds characterized by Ammonites ParJcinsoni. A Neocomian 

 bed is indicated especially by Ammonites consobrinus. The Aptian 

 stage is but slightly represented. The Gault contains an abundance 

 of fossils, including Ammoriites inierruptus and A. splendens. The 

 Turonian horizon is marked by Inoceramus angulosus, and the Seno- 

 nian by Belemnitella mucronata and Ananchytes ovatus. To this group 

 the author also refers an " Upper Chloritic Chalk," with Nummulites 

 supracretaceus, which overUes the bed with Belemnitella. 



[COITWT M.] 



