THE E-XOGOXEJi. 229 



shape of narrow cylinders, which extend backwards parallel with the pharynx, 

 encircling it closely and becoming intimately attached to it behind. Each of 

 these cylinders appears to be of the character of a group of unicellular glands 

 each terminating orally in a slender duct. 



These glands were observed by Claparede in various Syllids. Thus in his 

 account of Grubea limbata (2. p. 208) he says : — " Tout autour (de la trompe) 

 sont disposes des boyaux d'apparence glanduleuse." In his figure of Pcedo- 

 phylax claviger (pi. 13. fig. 2) the letter g points to a narrow body at the side 

 of the pharynx which is referred to in the explanation as " glandes de la 

 trompe." But this, though he seems to have mistaken it for them, has 

 nothing to do with the " boyaux d'apparence glanduleuse,'" being situated 

 within, not without, the wall of the pharynx, and probably is an indication 

 of the body to be described presently under the designation of anterior 

 proventricular glands. He overlooked altogether the occurrence of the 

 structures in question in the larger tSyllids, and only refei red to them in 

 connection with SpJicerost/Uii*, Pcedopliylax (E.uogone), and Grubea. The 

 definite connection with the papilla' he appears not to have ascertained. 



De St. Joseph (31), on the other hand, is very clear on both of these points. 

 Malaquin (22. p. 196 et se<j.) gives a very complete account of these 

 pharyngeal glands and I have nothing to add to his observations. With 

 regard to the functions which they may be supposed to discharge he remarks 

 (p. 198), " Le contemi de ces glandes, se deversant par les papilles, a pour 

 bout de les f'aire adherer fortement a la proie, et, d'un autre cote, il a peut- 

 etre un role special dans l'absorption des aliments ; il se pourrait encore qu'il 

 ait des proprietes toxiques destinees a neutraliser les mouvements de cette 

 proie." 



The pharynx has the usual thick cuticle with an epithelial layer of ill- 

 defined cells which contain numerous yellowish granules. Posteriorly this 

 layer' swells out to form the anterior proventricular gland (PI. 17- fig- 1 : 

 PI. 17. fig. 31 : PI. 18. figs. 37 & 38). This is a mass of irregular cells with, 

 here and there, large vacuoles containing the secretion. From these a 

 number of ducts, some wide, some narrow, pass backwards through the thick 

 epithelium of the anterior part of the proventriculus, to open eventually into 

 the lumen of the latter. 



The structure just referred to seems to have escaped the notice of previous 

 observers. The only reference to it which I have been able to find is the 

 following statement of Malaquin's (22. p. 198) : " Dans la region posterieure 

 de la trompe pharyngienne l'epithelrum devient alveolaire, et prend partont 

 Tapparence d'un epithelium secretant, c'est qu'en effet, l'accroissement de la 

 trompe et par consequent de la chitine se fait par cette extremite, d'avant en 

 arriere." 



This however, though describing the superficial appearance of the part, 

 overlooks its real character and the special destination of the secretion. 



