PHYSIOLOGY OF SPONGES. 



325 



iris. Such displacement must also occur when any large mass of food is 

 ingested, and Syncrypta spheres commonly do not pass the nucleus (cf. fig. 0). 

 Hence, Hammer (1908) found the nucleus often not distal, and his fig. 85 

 shows such a nucleus, with the agglomeration of ingested foreign bodies 

 which have forced it down. He correctly quotes me as having watched 

 the living nucleus moving in the protoplasm, but I found its common situation 

 apical. The fact that his observation of a usually basal position in life 

 was contradicted by his stained sections indicates that in the living cell a 

 food-vacuole was mistaken for the nucleus — in like manner as I described 

 the nucleus at first as a vacuole (1895, p. 18).] 



References 

 to works cited in the three Papers by G. P. Bidder. 



Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 98. 



Reports of the British Association for 1856 (p. 15 of reprint). 



Reports of the British Association for 1857, p. 121. (Quoted 



also in 1864.) 

 ' Monograph of the British Spongiad.ee, ' vol. i. p. 121. 

 ' Die Kalkschwauime.' 

 Zeits. fur wiss. Zool. xxxii. p. 349. 

 Zeits. fur wiss. Zool. xxxiii. p. 25. 

 Sitzungsb. d. math.-naturw. CI. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Wien, 



lxxxvi. p. 277. 

 ' Challenger ' Calcarea, p. 33. 

 „ Keratosa, p. 72. 



Bronu's ' Porifera,' p. 412. 

 Proc. Phil. Soc. Cambridge, vol. vi. pt. 4. 

 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxxii. fig. 26. 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, vol. iii. 



Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxxii. p. 627 (p. 3 of reprint). 

 Zool. Anz., No. 391, vol. xv. p. 182. 

 Roy. Soc. Proc. vol. li. p. 474. 

 Quart. Journ. Jlicr. Sci. vol. xxxiii. p. 477. 

 Roy. Soc. Proc/vol. Iii. p. 134. 

 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxxv. p. 159. 

 Journ. Physiology, vol. xvi. p. 449. 



Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxxviii. p. 9. 



Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xl. p. 487, p. 499, etc. 



Journ. Anat. et Physiol, vol. xxxiv. p. 203. 



Verhand. Konink. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, D. vi.No. 3, p. 10. 



1849. 



Carter, H. J. 



1857. 



BoWERBANK, J. S. 



1858. 



)5 '? 



1864. 



)J J> 



1872. 



Haeckel, E. 



1879. 



Mkischnikoff, E. 



1879 b. 



Schulze, F. E. 



1882. 



PoLEJAEFF, M. 



1883 *. 



77 77 



1884. 



77 77 



1887*. 



VOSMAEE, G. C. J. 



1888. 



Bidder, G. P. 



1891. 



Dendy, A. 



1891 b. 



?7 )r 



1891 c. 



Bidder, G. P. 



1892. 



Minchin, E. A. 



1892 b. 



Bidder, G. P. 



1892 c. 



Minchin, E. A. 



1892 d. 



Bidder, G. P. 



1893. 



Dendy, A. 



1894. 



Greenwood, M., & 





Saunders, E. R. 



1895. 



Bidder, G. P. 



1897. 



Minchin, E. A. 



1898. 



Loisel, G. 



1898 b. 



VOSMAER, G. C. J., & 





Pekelharing, C.A, 



* These are the dates on the title-pages. I have been given the honour of superintending 

 the publication of Vosmaer's Bibliography of Sponge Literature, and in this these works are 

 entered under the years in which they were actually issued — the 'Challenger' Calcarea in 

 1884 (note date of its preface) and Bronn in 1886. 



