408 MR. A. W. WATERS ON THE RELATIONSHIPS 



in Mamillopora * , Sphceropora, Haswellf, Kionidella, Kosch., as well as 

 Batopora and Stichoporina % , Stol. (iion Koscli.) with smaller oral apertures. 

 At the base the zoaria may be radial, or there may be a growth of zooecia 

 over the radiate zooecia §. 



(3) As a subgroup, those with a small, nearly oval oral aperture, with a 

 separable operculum, having muscular dots fairly near together. The zooecia 

 are directed to the apex, there are semilunar slits and a small raised globular 

 ovicell, the avicularia are adventitious, whereas in Cupularia they are 

 vicarious. Only Conescharellina is known in this subgroup. 



The first division, if only the zocecial characters were considered, would 

 come under the Membrauiporidse of Levinsen ||, which is a very large family, 

 or rather a casual ward for the homeless. 



Oanulf places Lunulites under Onychocellidre, but only a part have 

 " onychocellaires/ 1 while some have vibracula. and others have avicularia, 

 as proved by the symmetrical avicularian chambers ; Cupularia he places 

 under the Opesiulidse, in which family he puts Micropora, as he recognized in 

 the fossils, what most others had not appreciated, that the frontal pores, 

 where they exist, are opesiules. The muscles passing through these pores 

 have now been seen in my stained preparations. 



Besides the genera mentioned, the question of the relationship of the 

 following must be considered : — 



1846. Stichopora, Hagenow. 



1847. Prattia, d'Archiac, Mem. Soc. Geol. de la France, vol. iii. p. 407. 

 1851. Discoporella, d'Orb., is Cupularia. 



1851. Discoflustrella, d'Orb., is Cupularia. 



1851. Biscofl.ustrellaria, d'Orb., Marsson says only worn Lunulites. 

 1851. Cymhalopora, Hag. This is much like Conescliarellina. The under- 

 side has been mistaken for the upper side. 



1863. Discoescliarites, ltoemer, Nord. deutsch. Tert. Poly. p. 21, is Lunulites. 



1864. Bicupularia, Reuss, Sitzb. Akad. math.-natunviss. vol. 1. p. 9, pi. 3. 



fig. 2 (1864). 

 1882. Ascosia, Jullien, must be placed under Mamillopora. 

 1887. Bipora, Whitelegge, is Conescliarellina. 



* See Neviani, " Nuova specie fossile di Stichoporina,'' Riv. Ital. di Paleont. pp. 1-4. 1S95. 



f Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. v. p. 42, pi. 3. figs. 5, 6 (1880). 



\ Stoliczka, " Olig'. Bry. von Latdorf," Sitz. Akad. der Wissenseli. Wien, vol. xlv. p 92. 



§ This group is dealt with more fully in Waters, " Batopora and its Allies,' Ann. Mag. 

 Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. iii. 1919. 



|| "Morph. Oheil. Bry." p. 143. 



% "Bry. foss. de 1' Argentine," Anal, del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. xvii. 

 p. 275 (1908). 



