410 MR. A. W. WATERS ON THE RELATIONSHIPS 



CUPULARIA. 



The name Cupularia was first suggested by Lamouroux for the fossil 

 u Lunulites urceolata" Lamk., which Lamouroux subsequently figured for the 

 first time, though neither from the description nor figure will it ever be 

 possible to know what species was intended. D'Orbigny, accepting 

 Lamouroux's suggestion, described the genus Cupularia, and Busk, 

 apparently forgetting that d'Orbigny had done so, again introduced it. 

 Oanu * figures a species as Lunulites urceolata, Cuv. and says that this Paris 

 basin species has been known for a century by geologists as L. urceolata, and 

 so lone as it is not considered as the' species of Lamouroux, this seems (o 

 cause least difficulty, though Cuvier gave no description, but then we must 

 not call L. urceolata, Cuv., as figured by Canu, a synonym of L. urceolata, 

 L'imk. and Lamx., which it certainly is not. Lamouroux considered his 

 species to be the unfigured L. urceolata, Lamk., and his description is verbally 

 copied from Lamarck, to whom Lamouroux submitted much of his material. 



Dr. Alice Robertson describes t Cupularia under incrusting Cheilostomata, 

 and says "touching the substratum only on the rim of the colony." It is 

 certainly incrusting in its earliest stages, but there is never an attachment 

 confined to the rim. Nearly all forms of Bryozoa are incrusting in the 

 earliest zooecia, but beyond this, Cupularia is not so in the sense in which it 

 has been used for many Cheilostomata. 



Cupularia is represented at present by a few species from temperate and 

 tropical regions, and was abundant in the European tertiaries, with some in 

 the cretaceous formation. 



Cupularia canariensis, Busk. (PI. 29. figs. 1-5 : PI. 30. figs. 11, 12, 

 21,22,25.) 



Cupularia canariensis, Busk, Q. Journ. Micr. So. vol. vii. p. 66, pi. 23. figs. 6-9 (1859); 

 "Crag," p. 87, pi. IS. fig. 2 (1850); de Angelis, "Anthos. y Brios. plioc. de Cataluna," 

 K. Acad. de.Cien. y Artes de Barcelona, p. 83, pi. B. figs. 6-9 (1900); Waters "N. S. 

 Wales," p. 201 (1887) ; Waters, Zool. ChalL Exp. Suppl. vol. xxxi. p. 36, pi. 3. fig. 2 (1889); 

 Q. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xli. p. 308 (1885); Robertson, "Inc. Cheil. Bry.," Univ. California 

 Pal). Zool. vol. iv. p. 314, pi. 24. figs. 90, 91 (1903) ; Manzoni, " Bri. Plioc. Ital." pt. i. 

 p. 10, pi. 2. fig. 17 (1869); "Plioc. sup. de Rhodes," Mem. Soc. Geol. de France, ser. 3, 

 vol. i. p. 67 (1887) ; Seguenza, "Foimaz. Terz. Reggio," p. 371 (1879) ; Pergens, " Plioc. 

 Bry. von Rliodos," Ann. k.k. nat. hist. Hofmus. vol. ii. p. 31 (1887); Neviani, " Cont. alia. 

 Couosc. dei Bri. foss. Italiani," Bull. Soc. Geol. Ital. vol. x. p. 130 (1891) ; " Bri. foss. della 

 Farnesina," Pal. Ital. vol. i. p. 101 (1895); "Bri. Neoz. di alcuni Loc. d'ltalia," Bull. Soc. 

 Rom. per gli Stud. Zool. vol. iv. p. 238 (14), p. 243 (1895) ; op. cit. vol. v. p. 121 (1896) ; 



* "Bry. des Terrains Tert. des Environs de Paris," Ann. de Paleont. vol. ii. p. 26, pi. 4. 

 figs. 4-8 (1907). 



t "Incrust. Cheil. Bry.," Univ. California Pub. Zool. vol. iv. p. 314, pi. 24. figs. 90, 91 

 (1908). 



