OF MAXILLULJS IN THE ORDERS OF INSECTS. 445 



by the long hairs which clothe the hypopharynx and labium a pair o£ very 

 minute triangular projections situated at each side of the anterior border of 

 the hypopharynx. 



The similarity in character of the hypopharynx and maxilluhc and their 

 relations with the labium iu species of the Carabida?, Dytiscidae, Elaterida?, 

 and Malacodermidse gives support to the conclusions reached by Gahan (18) 

 regarding the affinities of the Coleopfceran families. This author states that 

 the Adephaga, including the Oarabidpe and Dytiscida?, is the most primitive 

 group of the (Joleoptera, and that the Malacoderms are a primitive family 

 of the Pplyphaga, and gave rise to the Elateridfe to which they are closely 

 related. 



I am indebted to Dr. hums for specimens of the Coccinellid larva, Anatis 

 ocellata. The hypopharynx (text-fig. 12) possesses a membranous, greatly 

 convex, surface covered with minute spines. It is strengthened by an 

 antev : or (a.) and a posterior (p.) skeletal system. Supported in the angle 

 between the two anterior arms of the latter arises on each side a rounded 

 lobe (m.). Each measured "11 mm. in width, and. the greatest width of the 

 hypopharynx is '32 mm. These paired lobes may be compared in form 

 (though they do not bear spines), and position upon the hypopharynx with 

 the vestigial maxillulpe of Geotrupes. 



A condition very similar to that last described was met with in the larva 

 of Dorypliora decemlineata where, however, the lobes were of much larger 

 extent, practically covering the surface of the hypopharynx. 



The hypopharynx iu Tenebrio mollitor and Otiorliynchus sulcatus was found 

 to possess indefinite paired dorsal lobes, which, however, could not with any 

 certainty be looked upon as maxillulas. 



LEPIDOPTEKA.. 



De Gryse (12. pp. 173-179) records the results of exhaustive investigations 

 on the hypopharynx in a large number of Lepidopterous larva?. On p. 174 

 he makes the generalisation that in larval Lepidoptera the maxillulpe 

 " essentially present the appearance of protruding fleshy lobes, covering 



the floor of the buccal cavity wholly or in part only, These lobes 



are generally clothed with flexible lashes, with hairs or with rows of strong 



spines In many instances the lobes are also furnished with chitinous 



blades " A feature common to the types described is the presence 



of a chitinous bar or "arm" arising from the mentum and at its distal end 

 associated with the fleshy lobe. 



I have examined the hypopharynx of a number of species of Lepidoptera 

 belonging chiefly to the families Nymphalida?, Pierida?, Geometrida. 1 , 

 Noctuidse, Lasiocampidse, Pyralidie, and Tineidse. In most cases there was 

 little that called for comment. 



