THE BIONOMICS OF STOMOXYS CALCITRANS LINNAEUS; A 

 PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT 



By M. Bruin Mitzmain 

 {From the Veterinary Division,^ Bureau of Agriculture, Manila P. I.) 



CONTENTS 

 Introduction, 

 oviposition. 



The PROCESS of hatching. 

 Larval life. 



Cannibalism. 



Development. 

 The formation of the pufarium. 



Influences of environment. 

 Emergence. 

 Feeding habits. 



The feeding relation of nonbiting flies to Stonioxys. 

 The occurrence of the fly in nature and its resting habits. 

 Longevity. 

 Mating. 



Methods employed in keeping and feeding flies for laboratory 

 purposes. 



Methods of applying the flies to the host in feeding. 

 Summary. 



INTRODUCTION 



I have had unusual opportunity to study the bionomics of 

 Stomoxys calcitravs in connection with a large number of ex- 

 periments on the transmission of surra, where thousands of 

 flies of this species were captured or bred. It has been my 

 aim not to duplicate the information presented by Newstead ^ 

 in his excellent treatise on this subject, and the present paper 

 may be considered as supplementary to it. I have attempted 

 to present the subject in as nontechnical a manner as is feasible. 



OVIPOSITION 



Age at which the fly lays eggs. — This was definitely deter- 

 mined in two instances in flies bred in the laboratory. In both 

 the time was the same. The females were found with 2 males 

 in copulation, April 11, when they were removed from the 



' Archibald R. Ward, chief. 



'Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. (1907), 1, 82-96; reprinted from Journ. 

 Econom. Biol. ( ), 1, 158-166. 



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