48 



The Philippine Journal of Science 



1913 



5. The imago emerges from the puparium generally in five 

 days. 



6. The fly of either sex takes its initial bite in from six to eight 

 hours after emergence. Flies of this species have fed ex- 

 perimentally on 17 species of vertebrates including mammals, 

 reptiles, and birds. 



7. In feeding on live stock, Stomoxys calcitrans makes a wound 

 with its labium from which nonbiting flies suck blood. 



8. The female may live at least seventy-two days and the 

 male ninety-four days. 



9. The development of Stomoxys calcitrans, as shown by Table 

 IV, varies considerably, depending upon the environment. Un- 

 der optimum conditions, it is twelve days. 



Table IV. — Life history of Stomoxys calcitrans at various periods under 



various conditions. 



Date of 

 oviposition. 



Incu- 

 bation 

 period. 



Larval 

 stage. 



Pupal- 

 stage. 



Life 

 cycle. 



Conditions of development. 





Days. 



Days. 



Days. 



Days. 





February 7.. 



2 



26 



6 



35 



Medium of dry horse manure left in light of the 

 room. 



February 17- - 



2 



14 



7 



23 



Do. 



Feb^ua^y23.- 



2 



11 



6 



19 



Do. 



Do 



1 

 2 



13 

 14 



5 

 6 



19 

 22 



Do. 

 Do.» 



April? 



June 14 



1 



8 



5 



14 



Medium of moist horse manure and corn meal, ab 



August 10 .._ 



1 



9 



5.5 



15.5 



Medium of moist horse manure and brand.** 



October 1 



1 



7 



5 



13 



Medium of moist guinea-pig manure mixed with 

 chopped guinea grass. " 



October 12... 



1 



9 



5 



15 



Medium of moist horse manure and layers of 

 filter paper, b 



October 23... 



1 



6 



5 



12 



Medium of carabao and horse manure placed in 













a barrel shaded at all hours. » 



" These 6 cultures were developed in open jars in an airy closet darkened at all hours. 

 " From this brood several flies emerged one month after egg laying. 



