VIII, B, 2 Musgrave et al.: Bone Lesions of Smallpox 71 



Pancreas is very firm, and cuts with increased difficulty; section shows 

 slight fibrosis. 



Adrenals are small; cortex is yellow; medulla dark. 



Intestine. — The colon is ulcerated and slightly hasmorrhagic, especially 

 near the rectum. The ulcers are extensive, superficial, not undermined, 

 not ragged. Close to the csecum are a few small hasmorrhagic, not under- 

 mined ulcers. No parasites are found. Peyer's patches and solitary fol- 

 licles are not prominent. Mesenteric nodes and retroperitoneal nodes are 

 not enlarged. 



Urinary bladder contains a small amount of turbid urine. Its mucosa 

 is intact. 



Generative organs are apparently normal. 



Throat organs. — In the left lobe of the thyroid gland is a well encap- 

 sulated, thoroughly enucleable, yellowish colored tumor as large as a 

 walnut. Section shows a yellowish, thick substance contained in the small 

 spaces of the parenchyma of the growth. 



Brain. — Between the brain and dura mater is a considerable blood 

 clot. The inner surface of the dura is hsemorrhagic, showing threads of 

 fibrin and masses of clot. The convolutions are prominent, opaque, and 

 there is clotted blood in the fissures. This does not extend to the brain 

 substance. There is an increase of intraventricular fluid. Brain is some- 

 what softer than normal. 



Bones. — The elbow joints are the seat of marked deformities, and they 

 are formed by the normal number of bones: the lower extremity of the 

 humerus on the upper part and the upper ends of the radius and ulna on 

 the lower part. The shafts of these bones are more or less bent on their 

 long axes. 



Humerus. — The lower end of this bone shows the following anatomical 

 peculiarities: the capitulum or lateral epicondyle is enlarged; radial de- 

 pression is very shallow or rather absent; coronoid depression is, however, 

 about normal in size; trochlear ridge is more prominent than nonnal; 

 median epicondyle is smaller than the lateral; on the outer wall of the 

 olecranon depression is seen a flat oval facet which provides articulation 

 for a cartilaginous process that projects from the outer aspect of the ole- 

 cranon process. This additional structure detennines an incomplete adjust- 

 ment between the olecranon process and its corresponding depression. 

 The olecranon depression measures 2 by 1.7 centimeters in diameter. 

 Trochlea and radial head measure 2.3 centimeters and 1.6 centimeters in 

 width respectively. The distance between the inner and outer condyles is 

 5.2 centimeters. The articular surface of the bone is rather thickened. 



Ulna. — The upper extremity of this bone presents more remarkable 

 anomalies. The top of the olecranon process is very prominent, convex 

 everywhere rather than rectangular in shape; on the outer aspect of the 

 head is a groove 0.5 centimeter in its transverse diameter, extending from 

 the external side of the olecranon process downward and slightly forward 

 along the outer border of the greater sigmoid cavity to be lost in the 

 broadened bicipital hollow. Just behind this groove is a process with a 

 facet on its anterior aspect, semicircular in shape, and directed forward 

 and outward, its greatest diameter being 8 millimeters in length. The 

 lesser sigmoid cavity is entirely absent. In front, the elongated tongue- 

 like coronoid process projects forward, then upward, describing superiorly 

 and inferiorly a regular curved line. Only the projecting portion of this 

 process measures 2.5 by 2 centimeters in its greatest dimensions. The 



