212 The Philippine Journal of Science wis 



clearly defined; color, dark brown. The prothoracic spiracular 

 tubercle is slightly elevated, oblique; rima, salmon colored and 

 crescentic in form. 



The first abdominal spiracle is perfectly round and larger than 

 the others, which are slightly ovoid ; the rima of all the spiracles 

 curves from above posteriorly. 



The terminal abdominal segment shows a sexual distinction 

 in the arrangement of the short spines midway on the ventral 

 side, anterior to the terminal teeth. In the male 10 to 12 of 

 these spines form a continuous serrated border. In the female 

 the spines occur in two groups of 4 to 6 spines similar to those 

 of the male, but separated by a space equal in width to that 

 of one of the groups. 



The terminal teeth of the posterior segment are arranged with 

 2 pairs close together on the dorsal side and 1 pair on the ventral 

 side. These teeth are black-tipped and acute; all of them are 

 directed slightly outward. The lateral teeth of the 2 dorsal 

 pairs are the longest. The ventral pair is smaller and is set 

 slightly in from the periphery of the segment. 



After the final ecdysis which results in the formation of the 

 puparium, the nymph, at first a light green, gradually changes to 

 yellow. Upon the second day, the eye spots change from yel- 

 lowish to pale brown, then to a chocolate color. Beginning 

 with the third day the pads of the wings and the legs, at first 

 light brown, assume the same color as the eyes. The chitinous 

 pad enveloping the wing is densely opaque, so that only the pli- 

 cations of the developing wing can be discerned. Upon the 

 penultimate day, the fifth or sixth usually, the abdomen, which 

 heretofore has been a uniform yellow-brown, becomes striped 

 with light orange and brown, which colors gradually deepen until 

 the time of emergence. 



EMERGENCE FROM THE PUPARIUM 



In emergence, the puparium which lies buried to some depth 

 in the sand is invariably dragged to the surface where the final 

 acts of emergence are completed. . Two to three days prior to 

 the act of emergence, the puparium shows considerable mobility 

 when disturbed by handling or stimulated by light. Certain 

 movements, which one learns through numerous observations to 

 be characteristic, can be considered as actually premonitory. 

 These occur usually from ten to twenty minutes prior to the break- 

 ing of the cuticle, and serve the observer as warning signs. If 

 during this interval a low-power lens be focussed on the compound 



