238 The Philippine Journal of Science 1913 



There have been several outbreaks of this disease at the Tri- 

 nidad stock farm during which several colts and older horses 

 have died. Veterinarians who have worked in Manila say 

 strangles is prevalent among the carromata horses, and also 

 occurs frequently in the city stables. A few years ago this 

 disease is said to have killed one of the finest race horses in the 

 Philippine Islands. 



Strangles appeared among the horses at the Singalong ex- 

 periment station in Manila about March 10, 1911, and on March 

 26, horses, which had apparently not been affected by the disease 

 during this outbreak, were shipped from Singalong to Trinidad. 

 About April 15 the disease was observed among the animals at 

 the Trinidad stock farm, but, as the disease first appeared in a 

 pony belonging to an employee at the experiment station, it was 

 thought probable that the infection was brought in by this pony 

 rather than by the horses from Manila. 



On April 3, 1911, the animal husbandry division of the Bureau 

 of Agriculture shipped 11 horses suffering with osteoporosis 

 from the Trinidad stock farm to the veterinary research labora- 

 tory at Alabang. The animals were transported in stock cars, 

 arriving at Alabang in apparently good condition, except for the 

 deformities caused by osteoporosis. They were placed in a shed 

 previously occupied by cattle immunized to rinderpest, which 

 were used in the production of antirinderpest serum. Each 

 horse was tied in a separate stall, but could easily reach over into 

 its neighbor's manger on either side. 



Case 1. — April 10, 1911, the writer's attention was called to a horse^ 1 

 year old, which had a slight purulent discharge from its left nostril, the 

 left submaxillary gland being slightly enlarged. The animal was im- 

 mediately separated from the rest, and its manger thoroughly disin- 

 fected. On April 16 this animal died. Post-mortem examination revealed 

 typical osteoporosis lesions, the right femur being completely fractured 

 about 7 centimeters from its head, and practically all the bones of the 

 body were more or less affected, which was undoubtedly the cause of death. 

 At the time of death, the discharge from the nostril had practically 

 ceased, but the affected gland was somewhat enlarged. Neither culture 

 or smear preparations were made from the discharge or gland of this 

 animal. 



Case 2. — April 17, a horse, 1 year old, which stood in the stall adjoining 

 that of horse 1 had a purulent discharge from both nostrils. The animal 

 was immediately isolated, and the stall and manger thoroughly disinfected. 

 On the 19th, the submaxillary glands were enormously enlarged. Four 

 days later an abscess broke, discharging a thick yellowish pus, and on the 

 26th two more abscesses broke. The horse was placed on the operating 

 table, and two more abscesses were opened with aseptic precautions. From 

 these, cultures were made on agar-agar and in plain bouillon. Several 

 smear preparations were made and, after staining, showed upon micro- 



