252 BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



estant Episcopal church ; St. Mary's Roman Catholic 

 church, and the May Memorial church. 



Oswego, Binghamton, Elmira, and other cities and 

 towns in the central part of the State, are markets for 

 the stone. 



Union Springs, Cayuga County.— The Onondaga limestone 

 is opened in a group of quarries at Hamburg, one mile 

 south of Union Springs, and on Daniel Mosher's farm, east 

 of the village. A remarkable feature is the persistence of 

 the quarry beds and their uniformity in the several quarries. 

 The glacial drift on the limestone is from one to ten feet 

 thick ; the upper beds (or tiers, as here known) are blue 

 limestone, and from two to twenty-four inches thick ; the 

 lower beds are generally thick and of a gray, sub-crystalline 

 stone. The thin beds answer for flagging ; the heavier 

 beds are worked into dimension blocks for building, canal- 

 lock and bridge-pier construction. The markets are 

 reached by boats on line of Erie canal. 



The Hamburg quarries were opened more than sixty 

 years ago, and the old grist-mill, the Chase house and the 

 Rowland house, show how well the stone has stood for that 

 length of time. 



Auburn, Cayuga County.— The Upper Helderberg lime- 

 stone ledges at Auburn, have afforded a good building 

 stone ; and a comparatively large percentage of stone build- 

 ings in that city are evidence of its enduring property. The 

 Garrett Stone and Coal Company, L. S. Goodrich & Son, 

 and John Bennett & Son, have quarries here. The first- 

 named was opened in 1810. The blue limestone of the 

 upper beds is used for rubble-work, only. The gray lime- 

 stone occurring in ''tiers" of from six inches to two feet 

 thick, is cut for house trimmings, platforms, curbing and 

 gutter-stones. It is dressed readily, and is of a light gray 

 color when fine cut ; the rock face is dark-colored. 



It has been used in six beautiful churches ; in the city 

 hall ; in the Auburn Theological Seminary buildings ; in 



