DESCRIPTIVE NOTES OF QUARRY DISTRICTS AND QUARRIES 253 



the State arsenal and State prison, besides many stores and 

 other structures in the city. 



The principal outside markets have been Sayre, Pa., 

 Owego, Elmira, Oswego, Geneva, Canandaigua, Newark 

 Valley and Palmyra. 



The Corniferous or Upper Helderberg group of lime- 

 stone, including as the upper part the Corniferous or Seneca 

 limestone, is well represented in a belt crossing the towns 

 of Seneca Falls and Waterloo, and quarries are opened in 

 both towns, for local use mainly. 



The Waterloo quarries are large, and kept in operation 

 almost all of the year. That of Loren Thomas, a half mile 

 south of the town has been worked for more than sixty 

 years. Remarkably regular systems of vertical joints, at 

 uniform distances apart, divide the stone into large, rectang- 

 ular blocks, and facilitate the quarrying. 



The beds are from seven to twenty-six inches thick, and 

 fourteen to sixteen in number. The stone of these quarries 

 resembles that of the formation to the east, in Cayuga and 

 Onondaga counties. 



The same geological formation appears in Ontario 

 county, and there are small quarries in the towns of Canan- 

 daigua and Victor, which do a local business. 



Going west the outcrops of the rocks of this geological 

 epoch have been opened in small quarries in Mendon, Monroe 

 County; near Caledonia in Livingston County; and in Leroy, 

 Genesee County. There are two quarries at the latter place. 

 They produce stone for common wall work. Some of the 

 limestone found north of the town is said to dress well, and 

 to be capable of receiving a good polish. 



Williamsville, Erie County. — Several quarries have been 

 opened at Williamsville, ten miles north-east of Buffalo. 

 J. S. & F. H. Youngs, and D. & H. Fogelsonger, work quar- 

 ries for building stone, mainly, for the Buffalo market. 

 They are small, and not deep, as the rock is near the surface. 

 The stone is light-gray, fine-crystalline, and dresses well. 



