ON THE USE OF STONE IN CITIES 319 



YONKERS 



Although a large amount of stone has been used in the 

 city, In constructive works, there are comparatively few all 

 stone buildings. The notable structures are : St. John's 

 Protestant Episcopal church and rectory, built of West- 

 chester gneiss, rock-face blocks ; the Roman Catholic church, 

 In course of erection, of sandstone from Belleville, New 

 Jersey, with facings of Carlisle sandstone ; the First Metho- 

 dist Episcopal church, of sandstone ; the Baptist church 

 of Connecticut brownstone ; the Westminster Presbyterian 

 church, of Westchester county gneiss ; and the historic city 

 hall, dating 1682 (front built In 1745), of stone laid in 

 rubble-work, and with brick side-walls. There is one block 

 of dwelling-houses in which the fronts are of Connecticut 

 sandstone. The business buildings are generally of red 

 brick, with stone trimmings. 



The boulders of the drift, found In excavating for cellars, 

 and In street grading, which are of diabase from the Pali- 

 sade range, on the opposite side of the river, yield a durable 

 stone for retalnlng-walls and foundation work. Some stone 

 Is obtained from ledges of gneissic rock cut In the city, but 

 It is Inconsiderable In amount, as compared with what Is got 

 out of the drift. For trimming, with brick, Hudson river 

 blue-stone and Connecticut brownstone are most largely in 

 favor. 



The streets are macadamized roadways, made with trap- 

 rock. Hudson river blue-stone is used for gutter-stone, 

 curbing and for flagging. 



Newburgh 



Newburgh, from its situation on the Hudson, has had the 

 advantage of low rates of freight, and building stone from 

 various points in the Hudson valley and more distant locali- 

 ties, has been used more or less extensively. For founda- 

 tions and retalning-walls the blue limestones near the city, 



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