452 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and its eastern border hugs the western edge of the high Adiron- 

 dacks, the Santanoni quadrangle, just east, being one of the loftiest, 

 most rugged, and most unsettled of the whole region. The southern 

 border of the depressed " lake belt " shows well in the northern 

 part of the quadrangle. The northern and southern halves of the 

 Adirondack region are of somewhat different topographic char- 

 acter, great igneous rock masses predominating in the former, 

 and gneisses of various kinds in the latter, and the line of division 

 between the two crosses the quadrangle from east to west about 

 midway. The differences however are not as- prominently brought 

 out in the sketching, as they appear in the field. 



The Raquette, one of the greatest of the Adirondack streams, 

 runs across the quadrangle, Long lake being merely a somewhat 

 widened and perhaps deepened portion of the strearti, which 

 enters it at one end and leaves it at the other. The great reach 

 from Raquette falls to Piercefield, not far beyond the map limits 

 to the west, is the longest possessed by any Adirondack stream. 

 The rapids at Raquette falls are the only interruption to naviga- 

 tion on the river which are found within the map limits. 



The quadrangle is also nicely illustrative of the number and 

 variety of the Adirondack lakes and ponds, 57 of which are found, 

 in whole or in part, within its borders. Three of the larger lakes of 

 the region, Big Tupper, Upper Saranac and Long lakes, are shown 

 in part, somewhat over half the length, and all the wider part 

 of Long lake being included. Of those wholly within the area of 

 the map, FoUensby pond is the largest, followed in order by 

 Catlin lake, and Big Simons and Jenkins ponds, with thence a 

 regular downward gradation to ponds so small as to make little 

 showing on a map of this scale. In elevation of mean water level 

 they range from the 1534 feet of Big Tupper and Big Simons, to 

 the 2050 feet of Seward pond. Some of them are rock bound, in 

 whole or part, with frequent rock islands; others have low shores 

 of morainic material or of sand. Many of these latter are exceed- 

 ingly shallow and are being rapidly converted into marshes. The 

 extent of this conversion is well brought out on the map in 

 several instances, as in the case of Pickwacket pond, in the extreme 

 southeast portion of the quadrangle, and of Pickerel pond, 2 miles' 

 south of east of Axton. The Tupper Lake reservoir is simply a 

 dredged out portion of what was a nearly marsh-filled lake basin. 



With its frequent lakes, the long reach of the Raquette river 



