53^ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



that might furnish a clue to their employment. Figure 2 in plate 

 19 shows one of these pebbles. 



Most polished stone articles seem to have been reduced from crude 

 forms by a picking process. Few implements resembling picks, per- 

 haps, have been found. One crude implement, figure 3, plate 19, 

 is of tough granite and seems to have been one of these picks. It 

 is much battered and shows signs of long use. Notched implements, 

 commonly called net sinkers were not common, only about a dozen 

 being found. They were of the ordinary type found everywhere 

 throughout New York. Figures 4 and 6 in plate 19 show two net 

 sinkers typical of all the rest found on the knoll. Hammer stones 

 were everywhere numerous both on the surface and in the pits. 

 Flammers were of three types, the ordinary round pebbles used as 

 hammers, the ball-like hammers that are battered on almost every 

 part of the surface and the common pitted hammer stones. Some 

 of the larger pitted stones seem to have been alternately hammers 

 and anvils and sometimes resemble small mortars. Figure 10 shows 

 one of this type. Objects termed anvils are the flat stones plentiful 

 everywhere in the village site. They exhibit signs of having been 

 used as bases upon which other stones were worked. Anvils were 

 generally pieces of hard shale or small boulders and most of them 

 seem to have been used for long periods [see fig. 8]. The flat slabs 

 of shale and sandstone anvils sometimes had shallow hollows on one 

 side and seem to have been used for grinding purposes. It is highly 

 probable that in that state of primitive culture when everything con- 

 venient must be utilized, one utensil served as many purposes as 

 could be devised for it. 



A number of smoothed and worked stones found in refuse pits 

 and also in graves are thought to be potters tools. One was found 

 in a pit containing a large quantity of partly worked clay. One of 

 these stones is shown in figure 9 in plate 19 and another in figure 7, 

 plate 25. One interesting specimen of a massive stone implement 

 is the large mortar found in pit 50. It weighs about 200 pounds 

 and was found at one end of a stone-floored pit. It must have been 

 occasionally turned over for both sides show signs of use though 

 only one side was used as a mortar. Mullers or rounded pebbles 

 must have been used to crack and grind the corn or other sub- 

 stances. Long cylindrical pestles would not have served the pur- 

 pose. Four small celtlike implements were found in refuse pits. 

 These had been formed from natural water-washed pebbles the 

 ends of which had been sharpened to an edge, this being the only 

 work done to form the implement. It is hardly possible to state 



