AN ERIE INDIAN VILLAGE AND BURIAL SITE 535 



Pipes of this urn-shaped type are found also along the head- 

 waters of the St Lawrence, on the south shores of Lake Ontario 

 and Lake Erie, and along the upper waters of the Ohio and its 

 affluents, a typical specimen being from Accotink, Virginia, while 

 yet other specimens in the United States National Museum collec- 

 tion are from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Ken- 

 tucky, Tennessee, Indiana and North Carolina. 



If the area of distribution of the urn-shaped pipe is compared 

 with the tribal distribution first known to the whites, as it appears 

 on Powell's linguistic map, it will be seen that this especial form of 

 the bowl pipe is found in Iroquoian territory on the north, through 

 the Algonquin on the south into the southern Iroquoians. It should 

 be remembered that this area corresponds, reasonably, with the 

 territory influenced by French trade before the advent of the En- 

 glish. The territory is also in the line of travel from the St Law- 

 rence to the Ohio. The writer is unable to determine how far this 

 urn-shaped type of pipe has been governed by European influences. 

 Its contour is similar to pottery bowls from Tennessee, specimens 

 of which are in the United States National Museum collection. 



Figure 3, pi. 22 is of an egg-shaped pipe bowl of the same material 

 as the one just described. Around the middle of the bowl is a groove 

 which meets at the stem hole. In Moorehead's Prehistoric Imple- 

 ments, page 334, is figured one of these pipes from the Ohio valley. 

 Moorehead remarks that its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is 

 grooved around the center. There is nothing in either of these pipes 

 to suggest European influence as far as the writer can discover. 

 The drilling and workmanship seem to have been done with stone 

 implements entirely. Figure 4 is a pipe bowl cut from a hardened 

 clay. The surface has weathered black but the underlying color is 

 red. In form the pipe is claw or beaklike and is similar to other 

 forms found in the Iroquoian area. The bowl hole is small com- 

 paratively and the stem hole large and conical as is the case with 

 all the pipe bowls of the collection. This pipe is from grave CV 

 and was found with pot no. 471 \_see text fig. 16]. A small pipe 

 carved from the local shale imitating this form was found in an ash 

 pit, perhaps a grave fire, near this grave. The pipe is pictured in 

 figure I, plate 22. A small stone pipe with a short neck into which 

 a reed stem was evidently designed to fit is shown in plate 22, figure 

 7. This pipe is of about the same material as the large clay form 

 ■pipe and has two parallel lines incised on the underside of the neck.. 

 It was found in grave CI, pit 141, and lay on the arm of a male. 

 The pipe represented by figure 6, plate 22 is the only stone pipe of 

 the stemmed type found. It is carved from a species of serpentine 

 and is smoothed and polished. In the process of drilling the stem 

 the drill penetrated too near the base of the bowl and there is a 



