536 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



small hole to be observed in the specimen. The shape of the open- 

 ing suggests that the bowl had been rubbed down after the stem 

 hole had been drilled and that this hole had been encountered then. 

 The form of the stem hole seems to indicate the use of a metal drill. 

 The grave in which this pipe was found is pictured in plate 15. 



Perhaps the most interesting of the pipes is the one shown in plate 

 22, figure 5. It is clearly the efifigy of some animal, probably some 

 mythical monster. Placed face down it appears to be a grazing 

 animal. In this position the hump formed by the bowl suggests a 

 buffalo but the large bulbous tail and the shape of the head do not 

 point to such an animal. The material is rather puzzling. In color 

 it is a bluish white and it appears to be some species of talc or 

 steatite but a test for hardness disproves this. Mr D. H. Newland, 

 Assistant State Geologist, made an analysis and pronounced it to be 

 an Ohio kaolin. The broken granular surface of the pipe near the 

 bowl suggests that it had been molded from a rather stifif clay and 

 the roughened top of the head suggests that a portion has been 

 broken off and that an attempt had been made to smooth it over 

 by rubbing. It has there the appearance of baked pottery the sur- 

 face of which has been rubbed down. The glazed surface however 

 has not been produced and this suggests that the pipe has been 

 hardened in the fire. Yet while the pipe from these appearances 

 seems to be kaolin it seems remarkable that instead of having the 

 bowl and stem hole molded, as is customary with clay pipes, that 

 these holes should have been gouged and drilled out, as they mani- 

 festly were. The hind leg on the side visible in the photograph is 

 incised but on the reverse side the three lines have every appearance 

 of having been molded as if in plastic clay. It may be that the 

 clay was found in a semihardened condition and that it was formed 

 into the pipe by both processes and afterward hardened by firing. 

 The pipe, while the effigy is unusual, does not differ in general form 

 from other effigy pipes found in the region. There is nothing in the 

 workmanship to indicate the use of European tools or influence 

 [see description of grave 92 and pi. 11]. 



One of the Interesting features about these pipes Is that the bowl 

 capacities are small In comparison with modern European pipes. 

 Probably less tobacco could be contained in one than is held In a 

 modern factory cigarette. The bowls of the clay pipes were a little 

 larger. No tobacco ashes were found in any of the stone pipes. 



Objects of chipped flint 

 Objects of flint were numerous especially In graves where com- 

 |?1stg oHtfltt; for \\w,W manufacture were found in several instances. 



