' \v YORK B i \ i I M USEUM 



While the Btone at South Bethlehem is used chiefly for road 

 terialj it. could i in the manufacture of lime, or 



t, for it does not contain an excess of silica. 

 the material does in close proximity to the clay deposits 

 under the Q rnary terrace, it could he well ntili/x-J fur cement 

 man uf acta 



I riously enough, however, the limestones of Albany county 



l»ut little employed. A partial reason for this may be the 



at hight and steepness of the escarpment which they form, 



such conditions interfering somewhat with economic quarrying. 



There are several quarries at Pavena and one at Aquetuck. 



Cayuga county 

 Extending as it does in a north and south direction, Cayuga 

 county includes several limestone-bearing formations, viz the 

 Upper Helderberg, Lower Helderberg, Niagara, and Clinton. 



The Upper Helderberg limestone extends across the county in 

 a northeasterly direction from Union Springs to Auburn, and 

 thence eastward. It is divisible into three members, viz the Onon- 

 daga, the Corniferous and the Seneca limestones. The Onondaga 

 is some times spoken of as the gray Onondaga stone, and the last 

 member as the Seneca bluestone. 



At Union Springs there are three quarries, all of them in the 



Mono, operated by J. Shalebo, B. P. Smith and 



Gh P. Wood. The stone is used chiefly for building purposes, but 



Mine of it run- quite high in carbonate of lime. The following 1 



represents the average composition of the largest quarry which 



is east of the town, and about one mile from the lake. In the 



quarries on the BOUthern edge of the town, the stone is rather 



•in impurities in the lower layers, but the upper ones often 



v a transition to the Marcellus, and in one or two sections a 



of the Goniatite limestone is observable. Plate 29 shows 



the Corniferous limestone quarry at Union Spra 



Auburn both the Corniferous and the Onondaga members 

 are quarried. The latter is exposed in seme of the smaller quar- 



1 Thii not occur in tbe manuscript. Ed. 



