M.w rOJ Ml BETTM 



rt A marl deposit ia a limited affair, though in the case of 



the limits maybe so large as to be 

 ,,!,.,] eds, on the other hand, are prac- 



extenl to which the bed can be followed being 

 only by questions of economical extraction. 



workable bum are rare in Now York state, and 



ttOUgh for use are located well with regard 



(rtat ion routes. Three active plants in this state use 



md clay: two in Steuben county and one in Onondaga 



mty. The former are at a disadvantage in respect to location, 



jlightly increased by the fact thai their marl beds are nol 



underlain by day, n< ating bringing the latter material, from 



BOS .nice, by rail. 



2 Limestone and clay. At present four New York plants are 



d in the manufacture of Portland cement from a mixture 



of limestone and clay. Of these, the earliest established was that 



f t } 10 Us Portland cement co. At this plant limestone 



of Trenton age is used, with a (Pleistocene) clay, burned in 



Schofer kilns. 



The (ileus Falls plant is unique, in this state, so far as type of 



kiln used is concerned. The merits and defects of the Dietzsch, 



lofer and other types of improved nonrotary kilns, have been 



Bed in considerable detail by various authors. The fact that 



the Glens Falls product is of such high grade should not, of itself, 



be 1 as an argument in favor of the Schofer kiln, as this 



rticular plant has always been favored as regards management. 



The other three plants arc located at various points along the Hel- 



D<3 use limestones derived from several dif- 



fei rmations of the Lower Helderberg series. For purity, 



and location (both with respect to clay banks and to 



great transportation route.-) these limestones can hardly be 



certain thai the center of the New York 

 Portland cement industry will eventually be in the Hudson river 



