78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



A'arious repellants are recommended for this and other flies 

 worrying cattle. A preparation consisting of 2 quarts of crude 

 cottonseed oil, i quart of kerosene, i pint of crude carbolic acid, 

 10 ounces of oil of tar, and i ounce of oil of pennyroyal, is very 

 effective.^^ 



A mixture of i pound of rancid lard in one-half pint of kero- 

 sene, worked thoroughly together until a creamy mass forms, gives 

 excellent results when rubbed with a cloth or the bare hand into 

 the backs of cows, provided not too much is used. The effect lasts 

 2 or 3 days, and about three-eighths of a pound is used for each 

 full-grown animal.^ 



An emulsion consisting of common laundry soap i pound, water 

 4 gallons, crude petroleum i gallon, and 4 ounces of powdered 

 naphthalene, applied once or twice a week with a brush, is said 

 to protect cows for a week. Fish oil is one of the best repellants 

 alone or in combination. - 



A mixture consisting of 3 parts of fish oil and i part kerosene 

 spread over sores gives excellent results.^ 



Pine tar creosote emulsion consisting of one-third of a pound 

 of caustic soda, 89 per cent pure, dissolved in a known quantity 

 of water for every gallon of pine tar creosote to be emulsified, and 

 diluted with cold water to 3 or 5 per cent solutions, killed all the 

 flies that were thoroughly wetted, and there was not the slightest 

 evidence of damage to hair, skin or the exposed mucous membrane 

 of the eyes or nostrils. The mixture is fully effective for only one 

 day, and 3 per cent is the most satisfactory minimum strength.^ 



The biting horse flies, sometimes known as green heads, and in 

 some localities as deer flies, are represented by a number of 

 species. The maggots are aquatic, or occur in decaying organic 

 matter, and consequently these pests are much more numerous in 

 the vicinit}' of swamps and moist woodlands. ^lany of these flies 

 have a habit of poising over the water and repeatedly descending to 

 touch the surface. Vev}' good results have been obtained by oiling 

 frequented pools, the application being such that the oil will coat 

 the whole surface.^ These insects are ver\' local in habit, and it 

 frequently happens that a little selection in the location of picket 



59 Ranck. Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. July 1913. 



1 Washburn State Ent. Minn. loth Rep't. p. 145-56. 



2 Gra\'\nlle. U. S. Dep't Agr. Bui. 131. 1914- 



3 Washburn. State Ent. Minn. loth Rep't, p. 150. 

 * Cory. Jour. Econ. Ent, 10:111-13. 1917. 



° Por'tchinsky. Rev. Appl. Ent, 3:i95- ipiS- 



