ELIZABETHTOWX AND PORT IIENRV OCADRAXGLES 95 



have been covered until recenth' with clay and sand. On the ex- 

 posed peaks and on the higher elevations where we would most 

 desire to note tlie direction of ice movement, and where it was least 

 influenced by the local configuration, the weathering of the surface 

 has effectually destroyed the record. It may be therefore that the 

 scratches remaining to us are the very last of the ice scorings and 

 due to local glaciation. Nevertheless w^hen they are all taken 

 together throughout the region the testimony is the same. The 

 direction is northeast and southwest and the ice invasion came from 

 the northeast. This topic has been discussed by Dr L H. Ogilvie 

 in its general bearings.^ 



Back from the immediate shores of Lake Champlain, and in the 

 area here mapped, glacial scratches have been noted in only two 

 localities but as time goes by and observers are on the watch others 

 will undoubtedly be detected. Just south of New Russia a rocky 

 point projects into the highway from the west side and on it is a 

 fountain. Upon this point the scratches are well shown and bear 

 n. 52° e. true, or n. 62° e. magnetic. They run in this case parallel 

 with the general course of the valley. In the extreme southeastern 

 corner of the Elizabethtown quadrangle along the two northeast 

 and southwest highways, scratches are well developed. The more 

 ■northern instance rims n. 70° e. true or n. 80° e. magnetic and the 

 southern one n. 65° e. or n. 75° e. magnetic. The local topography 

 can have had slight influence in this case since the scratches are in 

 a broad, open upland. 



It is a striking fact that the ice sheet should apparently have 

 moved against the hight of land, which it rode over. Dr Ogilvie 

 reached the conclusion that the valleys were filled with stagnant ice, 

 which bridged a passage for the great mass. 



Clays and sands. Along the Lake Champlain shore the post- 

 glacial sediments are best developed in the Paleozoic flat south of 

 ^Vestport village and in Crown Point. The latter is so low, 140 

 feet as a maximum, that clays alone mantle it. Yet as noted by 

 Dr C. P. Berkey/ while in the field with the writer in 1908, the 

 upper surface of the clay shows a curious downward slope from 

 east to west, a relationship not easily explained by erosion. In the 

 Westport flat the surface deposits reach the 300-foot contour but 

 there is a marked accordance at 280 feet and several wave-cut ter- 



1 Glacial Phenomena in the Adirondacks and the Champlain Valley. 

 Jour. Geol. 1902. 10:397-412. 



