GEOLOGY OF THE VICINITY OF LITTLE FALLS 35 



not constituting the marked feature of the formation that they do 

 in the passage beds. 



The overlying Lorraine shales of the Hudson group were not 

 noted anywhere Avithin the map limits, and it is thought that 

 their horizon is nowhere reached. North of the Mohawk only, 

 the lower portion of the Utica is exposed, little beyond the lower 

 200 feet, if any. South of the river, much higher beds are found, 

 and the altitude of the hills in Danube and German Flats at the; 

 south line of the map is nearly or quite sufficient to reach the 

 Lorraine horizon. But these hills are heavily drift-covered, and 

 so deeply so that the actual rock exposures beneath are at a 

 horizon considerably below what the altitude of the hill summits 

 would indicate. The highest beds actually seen are in the town 

 of Danube and on the southern edge of the map. The black, 

 slaty shales outcropping here are 500 feet in altitude above the 

 base of the formation which, together with the upper layers of 

 the passage beds, outcrops near Indian Castle. Since, in addi- 

 tion, the former are 2 miles west of the latter, and since the dips 

 are low to the southwest, these beds must be somewhat over 500 

 feet above the base of the formation and are likely not far from 

 its summit. The actual summit of the hill on the side of which 

 this outcrop appears, is 200 feet higher, but it is a moraine knob 

 on which the drift is so heavy that all rock is deeply buried be- 

 neath. The thickness of Utica shale shown in the Campbell well 

 near Utica is given as 710 feet by Mr C. D. Walcott.^ It may be 

 thicker or thinner here but is certainly close to 600 feet, exclusive 

 of the passage beds and with the summit not reached. 



STKUCTTJKAL GEOLOGY 



Dip 



The Paleozoic rocks were originally deposited as nearly hori- 

 zontal sheets, though with a probable slight inclination to the 

 south or southwest. Oscillations of level in the region since that 

 time have given the rocks a somewhat greater tilt in the same 

 direction, the rocks have been slightly folded also, causing locti. 



^Am. Ass'n Adv. Sci. Proc. 36 : 211-12. 



