I£8 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



he must be punished on account of the demand to uphold the dignity 

 and power of the law, for law without a penalty has little force to the 

 evil doer. 



Again, in regard to the prevention of crime. One of the chief 

 objects of penal servitude is to set an example before other evil- 

 disposed persons of what the consequences must be if they in turn 

 violate the law. But in each of these cases it is to make the com- 

 mitment of crime less frequent that men are imprisoned, rather than 

 that they should suffer for their sins. But, finally, in the last case the 

 reform of criminals within or without the prison walls has become one 

 of the prime principles of penology. No present system or theory 

 can be complete in these days that does not consider in some manner 

 the methods of bringing back into legitimate society those who by 

 their deeds have become outcasts from the body politic. In the 

 study of sociology there are two sides of social life to be considered: 

 First, there is what might be called legitimate society, which has 

 sprung up from indefinite and simple beginnings, but has grown into a 

 strong organism, which might be called the proper status of social life; 

 and then there is the other side of humanity which may be termed 

 the broken down, decrepit or fragmentary part of the great social 

 body, which may be called disorganized society. It is as much the 

 duty of the reformer to study the organized and legitimate society as 

 it is to study the disorganized or the fragmentary. In modern times 

 there have been a great many who call themselves social scientists, 

 who devote a great deal of time to the criminal and the pauper, and 

 properly so, for, indeed, it is from these broken down parts of hu- 

 manity that we realize more especially the nature of human society, 

 and discern more clearly the means of preventing crime; but the 

 ideal or legitimate society must not be lost sight of. We must keep 

 before our eyes the proper laws, proper government and proper pro- 

 tection of organized society while we investigate the habits, condi- 

 tions and qualities of its outcasts. Hence in all modern reforms 

 there are two subjects to consider: A reform measure which shall 

 by direct application tend to develop and strengthen that which is 

 already considered good and, on the other hand, a reform measure 

 which shall reclaim and reform that which is considered bad. In this 

 respect the state prison and the state university are not so far apart 

 as it would seem: one tending to build up and strengthen legitimate 

 society, to protect the state in all its interests, to make law more 

 prominent, reform more stable, human society more moral and intel- 

 lectual, crime less frequent and industry more prevalent by well 

 ordered education. These are the objects of the state university. 

 While, on the other hand, in accordance with the last one of the 



