1853.] BINFIELD FOSSIL INSECTS OF THE WEALDEN. 173 



very like the lower shale (3 h) containing Insects, but affording, with 

 Insect-remains, Estheria in abundance, which we have not found 

 in the beds below this. Masses of this shale are seen on the shore 

 between East Cliff and Ecclesbourne, attached to sandstone blocks 

 which have fallen from the cliffs ; this sandstone immediately succeeds 

 the " Estheria shale," and is, with its shaly partings, about 33 feet in 

 thickness. 



A bed of ironstone (No. 8) occurs in the shale immediately above 

 this, and is the lowest bed in which we have found the Cypris Val- 

 densis ; it also afforded scattered Fish-scales (like those found with 

 Cy prides in the beds Nos. 10 and 12 ; in fact, in all the strata con- 

 taining Cyprides), Paludince, &c., with an obscure trace of the body 

 of an insect. 



The opercula of some species of Paludina occasionally occur in the 

 lower Insect-shales, but we have not found either the Cypris or 

 Estheria below this Ironstone (No. 8), which is the lowest stratum in 

 the shale separating the beds No. 7 from the thick light-coloured 

 sandstone No. 9 ("Worth sandstone," Mantell, ' S.E. England,' 

 p. 14, and No. 1 of p. 197?). Above this we found the strata in- 

 accessible at East Cliff and Ecclesbourne, but among the masses on 

 the beach were a few blocks of ironstone having many of the characters 

 of the St. Leonard's ironstones. 



The position and character of the strata surrounding that town 

 being minutely described by Dr. Fitton (Geol. Trans. 2nd ser. vol. iv. 

 Part 2. p. 169, &c.), we shall only add, that from the courses of iron- 

 stone (10 of Section at p. 174), No. 5 of Group III. c. p. 169 of that 

 memoir, and from the " tabular ironstone " (y. of Group III. b. 

 p. 167), we obtained numerous fragments, wings, and elytra of 

 Coleoptera, Neuroptera, &c., with Cypris Valdensis and C. spinigera, 

 Paludina fluviorum, P. carinifera, Cyclas media, and a few frag- 

 ments of Plants too imperfect to be determined. 



We obtained a few imperfect specimens of Unionidce in the more 

 friable sandstone associated with the grit (No. 1 of Dr. Fitton's 

 Group III. c. on the shore below St. Leonard's), which Dr. Fitton 

 states to have afforded him •' some large Uniones," also in the sandy 

 shale containing Lonchopteris Mantelli, at Bexhill. 



The increased building at St. Leonard's and Plastings has obscured 

 many of the sections described by Dr. Fitton ; but beds apparently 

 equivalent to his Group III. a, or between Groups II. and III. loc, 

 cit. p. 166, were exposed in a quarry opened, near the Black Horse 

 Inn, on the high road between Battle and Hastings, to obtain cal- 

 ciferous grit for the roads. 



We have subjoined a section of this quarry, as the workmen have 

 abandoned it, and the banks will probably soon have fallen in : the 

 lower strata exposed in it appear to correspond with those seen in the 

 highest part of the cutting close to the west end of Bo-peep Tunnel. 

 A neuropterous wing was obtained from the fourth layer of indurated 

 shale in the bed No. 1 a (of the Quarry section, p. 1/5), of which at 

 least three com-ses contain Insect -remains ; and both the indurated 

 and softer shales afford, in abundance, Cypris Valdensis, C. tuber- 



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