1854.] SCHLAGINTWEIT BAVARIAN ALPS. 347 



3. The elevatory relations of the rock-masses. 



A. Structure of the mountain group of the Zugspitze and the Wetterstein. 



B. Structure of the mountains between the Loisach and the Amper. 



4. Remarks upon the Diluvial and Erratic Phsenomena. 



On Polished Rock-surfaces. 



Introduction. — The observations a brief account of which I have 

 now the honour to lay before the Society refer chiefly to that portion 

 of the Bavarian Alps which includes the afl3uents of the Loisach and 

 Ammer, and partly of the Tsar, to the south of Munich*. 



The group of the Zugspitze and the Wetterstein, between the 

 Loisach and the Tsar, forms the greatest elevation in the outer zone 

 of the Alps from the Lake of Constance to the Salzach. It presents 

 a peculiar attraction to the geologist from its very complicated and 

 irregular structure. 



The following observations were made in the autumn of 1852 and 

 in the course of the summer of 1853, more particularly during the 

 latter period. In my investigations I was especially guided by the 

 works of Escher von der Linth and Studer, of Schafhalttl, Emmrich, 

 Von Hauer, and by the excellent memoir of Sir Roderick Murchison, 

 which gives such a clear outline of the succession of the sedimentary 

 strata of the Alps, and of the enormous dislocations and disturbances 

 to which they have been subjected. 



In the latter part of my paper I have offered some general remarks 

 upon the diluvial and erratic deposits, and upon the polished and 

 striated rocks connected with this subject. 



§ General view of the Formations. 



I. Lower Alpine Limestone (Unterer M.]i&ak.Q)ik)=.Muschelkalk. 



This is the lowest of the formations which are found in the upper 

 affluent valleys of the River Loisach. It consists chiefly of grey 

 dolomites, between which, but rarely, occur strata of dark-coloured 

 grey and brown limestones. Fossils were nowhere found in these 

 dolomites, neither in these parts of the Bavarian Alps nor in the 

 eastern portions explored by Prof. Emmrich. 



The dolomites of the inferior Alpenkalk, forming the base of the 

 subsequent fossiliferous strata of the lower Lias, may well be con- 

 sidered as an equivalent of a portion of the Trias. 



II. Lower Lias. 



This formation, which covers a great area in this part of the 

 Bavarian Alps, consists generally of dark-coloured marls and marly 

 limestones. In many places very dark slates, not effervescing with 

 acids, are met with. Occasionally there appear masses of lighter 



* The author and his brother, Dr. Hermann Schlagintweit, have in preparation 

 a larger Memoir on the subject of this communication, to be illustrated by a geo- 

 logical map and plates. The map and some of the plates were exhibited to the 

 Meeting, and are referred to in this paper. 



