1854.] SCHLAGINTWEIT — BAVARIAN ALPS. 355 



the Eckenberg. One of the most remarkable of all these faults is 

 this, which extends on the foot of the high escarpments of the Wet- 

 terstein, running from east to west, and to the W.S.W. All along 

 this line we find isolated patches of the lower Lias, enclosed in various 

 and most irregular manner between the white limestone strata of the 

 Upper Alpenkalk ; I have endeavoured to lay down on the map 

 these Lias patches as accurately as possible. On these lines of dislo- 

 cation are seen in different points masses of gypsum, and of a 

 cavernous dolomitic breccia and a very cellular and evidently altered 

 limestone {Cargneiiile) . This phsenomeuon is perfectly analogous 

 to the occurrence of gypsum and cargneuile on the long lines of 

 dislocation in Switzerland, which MM. Studer and Brunner have so 

 well described, 



B. Structure of the Mountains between the Loisach and the 

 Amper. — The dolomites of the lower Alpenkalk form, on the Brun- 

 stelkopf and the Schafkopf, with a dip to the S.S.W., the regular 

 base of the dark marly limestones of the lower Lias. Farther north, 

 and more in the interior of the broad dolomitic range, we find several 

 changes in the dip of the strata, eddently produced by diflPerent 

 upheavals and contortions of the rocks. A most striking structure 

 of the mountains is disclosed if we follow the line of section more 

 to the south, through the Lahnewiesgraben, to the Kramerberg. 

 There are seen large masses of well stratified dolomites, reaching the 

 summit of the Kramerberg, at 6085 Fr. feet, which clearly rest upon 

 the strata of the Lias. In examining the environs of the Kramerberg 

 solely, it seems at first impossible not to consider these superposed 

 dolomites as being younger than the underlying marly limestones ; 

 but, in following attentively the rocks of the Kramer in their western 

 prolongation, it is quite e\ddent that these strata must be iden- 

 tical with the dolomites which form generally the lower Alpenkalk 

 and the base of all the other formations in this mountain. The 

 .dolomitic range, which occupies a considerable breadth on the Kramer, 

 becomes narrower towards the west. The same strata pass on the 

 right bank of the Loisach, and farther still, on the Eibsee and on 

 the Thorlen, they form the base of the Lias and of all the mass of the 

 Zugspitze. 



The dolomite of the Kramer has, therefore, been pushed over the 

 younger formations along an extended fault, by a very strong lateral 

 pressure. This supposition is also corroborated by the many violent 

 contortions and modifications in the strike and dip of the red lias 

 strata, near the line of junction with the dolomites. The former stand 

 at very steep angles, often nearly vertical, whilst the dolomites which 

 follow above them are inclined at angles of only from 30° to 47°. 



By the dolomites having been pushed over in so irregular a manner 

 on the younger formations, we may also account for another remark- 

 able phsenomenon. It is seen on the map that the upper Lias and 

 Jura formations, which occur on the Hirschbiihel, become more and 

 more narrow as we follow their eastern prolongation, whilst the dolo- 

 mites have been advancing farther to the north. I nowhere succeeded, 

 in the lower parts of the Lahnewiesgraben, in finding the characteristic 



