JO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



have accumulated timber capital. Again, Saxony's method has 

 created their highest present values and they have the highest present 

 returns on their invested capital (which is relatively small). In 

 Saxony, neither the demand nor the price of large logs has increased. 

 The rise has been greatest for the small material and hence Saxony 

 has reaped and continues to reap today the highest returns, while 

 the Black Forest has the highest value in forest capital with the 

 smallest returns. 



The larger logs are sawn into lumber at the mills, in or near the 

 forest, while most of the other forest products, such as poles, mine 

 props, railroad ties, Christmas trees and pulp wood are assembled at 

 a railroad station for shipment to centers of consumption of such 

 products. (Plate 16) 



10 GRAMSCHATZ FOREST, BAVARIA 



The Gramschatz district is situated in a great bend of the Main 

 river in northern Bavaria, 15 kilometers north of Wurzburg. There 

 is a fine automobile road through the forest, over which during the 

 summer there are run for the benefit of visitors automobile buses to 

 a little inn known as the " Einseidel " in the heart of the woods. 



The Gramschatz district is administered by Forstmeister Gleich, 

 who has his headquarters at Thungen, to the west of the forest. 

 The forest comprises two districts of about 5000 acres each. The 

 eastern district, containing the best timber, is in charge of Assessor 

 Friedrich. 



The underlying rock is fresh limestone and cupar limestone, the 

 disintegration of which results in a deep and fertile soil. In 

 some of the quarries from which stone for the roads is taken are 

 found large petrified shells, some of which have a diameter of 10 

 inches, while petrified mollusks and fishes are common in the rock 

 of this section. The rich soil is responsible for the prosperous agri- 

 cultural communities here. The 400 inhabitants of the village of 

 Gramschatz are said to be very wealthy. The village, however, 

 owns no timber land as do most other German villages, but is 

 forced to obtain its supplies from the state forests. This may 

 explain the high price of fuel wood, for which is being paid as high 

 as $15 a cord in the woods. 



In 1806 the Gramschatz forest was owned by the archbishop of 

 Wurzburg, who used it as a hunting park. Old ponds made for 

 the deer to bathe in and ditches used for the drives are still to be 

 seen here and there in the woods. The forest was formerly managed 





