REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9I3 57 



A marked restriction of severely injured areas was noticed in 

 a number of places, due in some instances to very local causes 

 and in others possibly to be accounted for by the sickly condition 

 of the trees. It is well known that severe injury is likely to 

 develop on weakened trees, and this was noted as in earlier years. 

 It is not necessary to assume that these elms were special favorites 

 with the insects, since the reduced vitality would, of itself, result 

 in the production of much less than the normal amount of foliage, 

 and an average infestation of the voracious grubs would make 

 short work of the small leafage. This condition probably explains 

 some of the local and severe injury which can not be accotmted 

 for in any other way. Such trees can be protected, though they 

 require special care. It is a decided advantage to trim judiciously, 

 so as to remove all the dead wood and promote a vigorous growth 

 so far as practical and then protect the leaves by giving a very 

 thorough spraying and, in extreme cases, more than one. The 

 reduction in the numbers of this pest is probably only temporary 

 and should not be construed as a justification for abandoning the 

 spraying of earlier years. 



The first essential in protecting shade trees is efficiency, the 

 second, economy. Experience and modifications in apparatus have 

 shown it to be possible to spray trees thoroughly and very rapidly 

 and thus effect a material economy in the cost of treatment. 

 The tendency now is to use the high pressure, a rather coarse 

 nozzle and to avoid climbing so far as possible. The most efficient 

 outfits are sufficiently powerful so that practically all the spraying 

 is done from the ground at an enormous saving in both time and 

 money. The most serious disadvantage of these outfits is the very 

 high cost of the apparatus and the difficulty of controlling the 

 stream on narrow streets. There is no question as to their utility 

 and value on broad avenues, in parks or woodland areas. 



English elm pouch gall (Tetraneura ulmisacculi 

 Patch). This species, kindly determined by Miss Edith M. Patch, 

 represents an addition, probably of English origin, to our fauna. 

 The galls were found in small numbers July 17, 191 3, on an 

 English elm, Ulmus campestris, on the estate of S. G. 

 Rosenbaum, Roslyn, N. Y. They were also found at Stamford, 

 Conn. There was only a scattering infestation and no serious in- 

 jury resulted. 



The galls are pedunculated, oval sacks arising from the upper 

 surface of the leaf half an inch to possibly an inch in diameter in the 

 case of the larger deformations. They are smooth, bright yellowish 



