50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
all the other nations except the Antouhonorons, from whom they 
are only three days distant.” He thinks Spanish hill was their 
stronghold. The Antouhonorons were the Upper Iroquois or per- 
haps more strictly the Senecas. The Dutch had some early knowl- 
edge of these dwellers on the Susquehanna. On the maps of 
1614 and 1616 they appear as the Gachoos or Gachoi, south of the 
Senecas, the common Dutch term for all the Upper Iroquois. The 
Iroquois and their dependents had villages there before the revolu- 
tion. 
1 Runonvea was a village at Big Flats burned in 1779. 
2 Site on the Weston farm about 3 miles north of Horseheads 
and on the ridges both sides of Catharine creek. Pottery and 
arrowheads. A trail followed the ridge. 
3 Site west of trail and east of the Northern Central railroad a 
quarter of a mile north of Horseheads. Early relics. 
4 Large site on Arnot estate a mile southeast of Horseheads. 
Pestles, celts and arrowheads. Trail and arrowheads on east bank. 
A number of these sites were furnished by Ward E. Bryan of 
Elmira. 
5 On Latta brook road near the end of the ridge and two miles 
south of Horseheads was a site with fine relics and numerous pestles. 
6 A mile southeast of Big Flats and northwest of the mouth of 
Sing Sing creek is a site with pottery, pestles and articles of stone. 
7 Near the last and much like it. The trail ended here and graves 
have been found. ' 
8 Site of one acre where a bridge from Big Flats crosses the 
river. Flint flakes, pottery and small arrowheads. 
9 Fort Hill, Fort Henderson and Mount Zoar are names for an 
eminence southwest of Elmira and south of the river. A work 
there has been described and figured by several. Thomas Maxwell’s 
plan and account are in Schoolcraft’s North American Indians. He 
describes it as three miles west of Elmira and south of Chemung 
river with a bank 270 feet long, 3 to 4 feet high and 6 to 9 wide on 
top. There was a row of holes two feet apart east of the bank, with 
a vacancy of 12 feet in the center for a gateway. A larger post was 
on each side of this, which is a frequent thing. Prof. Horsford re- 
ported it for Mr Squier and his plan is given in fig. 23. There was 
