12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
took the alarm and gradually withdrew their New York towns to 
a safer position west of Niagara river. At one time they may have 
had a considerable population on the east side. The names of some 
of these villages have survived. On the map illustrating the travels 
of Marquette and Joliet we have here “Ka Kouagoga, nation 
detruite.”’ Creuxius’s map of 1660 places Pagus Ondiasacus and P. 
Ondieronii just east of Niagara river and P. Ondataius west of the 
Genesee. Eighteen Mile creek has its Seneca name from the Kah 
Kwahs who were of the Iroquoian family also. ‘This seems the 
southern boundary of the Neutrals. 
Another nation of the same family occupied the southern line of 
New York, along the Susquehanna and its larger branches. On 
very early maps they appear as the Gachoi or Gachoos: close 
to them were the Capitanasses. Their Iroquois foes gave them 
scant room in New York but they were in close alliance with others 
of the family in Pennsylvania. 
The Five Nations were the Iroquois proper, forming a con- 
federacy a little before 1600 A. D. Their western line was then 
the Genesee river but in a man’s lifetime their conquests reached the 
Mississippi. The Sonnontouan or Seneca territory lay east of the 
Genesee river and reached the high land between Cayuga and 
Seneca lakes. Originally it extended but little south of the more 
_ western group of lakes. ‘They were comparatively early occupants. 
It is not unlikely that their territory may have included the 
Genesee valley at that time, but they had no villages then west of 
the river, which was practically their boundary line until the 
Neutrals withdrew. 
The Cayugas, who had several names when first known, had 
Owasco lake on their east side. By right of conquest they at last 
reached the Susquehanna. 
The early Onondaga boundary on the east was Chittenango 
creek, and one of theit earliest towns was little over a mile west of 
Cazenovia lake. Following the creek the line crossed Oneida lake 
and passed through Oswego and Jefferson counties, in the last of 
which they claim origin. 
